Abstract:Nucleic acids hybridization mediated fluorescence signal amplification methods refer to a kind of methods of triggering or blocking the hybridization of nucleic acids by targets, thus causing changes in the number of labeled fluorescence on the hybridization products. Because of flexible design，good specificity，high sensitivity，short response time and low background signal，these methods have been widely used in biological detection. This article reviewed the applications of these methods in the detection of bacteria，nucleic acids，proteins，biological small molecules and inorganic metal ions，as well as their problems and development tendency.

Abstract:Consumers' demand and quality requirements for dehydrated foods are gradually increasing，and the market of high-end dehydrated foods is expanding day by day. High-quality and efficient drying technology is an effective means to solve the technical bottleneck of high-end dehydrated foods. This article expounded the application of the ultrasonic treatment in food drying process，compared it with single drying methods，and analyzed the advantages of ultrasonic application in food drying process. Ultrasonic treatment could help the formation of cavitation bubbles and accelerate the removal of water closely integrated with the material. It could also promote the formation of micro-pores in the material, thereby reducing the thickness of the heat transfer surface and increasing the speed of mass transfer. Therefore, with the ultrosonic technology, the drying rate could be increased and nutrients could be better retained. There are currently many researches on the auxiliary effect of single frequency ultrasound，and the study of multi-frequency ultrasound will become a more important part in the study of ultrasound enhanced fruit and vegetable drying.

Abstract:The study investigated the preference，generation time and acid production rate of 35 lactic acid bacteria（LAB） using fructooligosaccharide（FOS） and xylooligosaccharide（XOS） in vitro. None of the strains of Lactobacillus rhamnosus，L. acidophilus and Streptococcus thermophilus were able to utilize FOS and XOS in bromocresol purple plate. Eight strains of L. plantarum could take advantage of FOS/XOS，while FOS/XOS could be selectively used by L. brevis，L. casei，L. fermentum，L. casei，L. reuteri and Bifidobacteria. The generation time and acid production rate of LAB were also detected when using FOS or XOS as the sole carbon source. The growth rate of the strains was positively correlated with the acid production rate. The acidification rate of Lactobacillus was generally higher than that of Bifidobacteria. These results demonstrated that the utilization of oligosaccharides by LAB had strain specificity and regularity.

Abstract:This study investigated the interaction between a series of steviol glycosides(SG) and human taste receptors with computational simulation. Firstly，the homology models of human sweet taste receptors hT1R2/hT1R3 and bitter taste receptor hT2R4 were built. Ramachandran plot and several quality factors were used to check the model quality. Then molecule docking studies between taste receptors and a group of natural SG were performed. The interaction energy and patterns of the docking procession were analyzed. It was found that the docking results of SG were obviously correlated with their sweetness and bitterness. So the probable flavor of other SG could be predicted by the computational approach. In addition，the sweetness and bitterness of SG showed different trends with the change in amount of glucose residues at the C-13 and C-19 positions，which appeared to be caused by the unique structure of the taste receptors. Finally，the study predicted the flavor of several modified SG and subsequently suggested possible potent sweeteners.

Abstract:According to the measurement of water loss and hardness of frozen broccoli，the processing parameters of ultrasound-assisted osmotic dehydration on broccoli with trehalose solution before freezing were optimized by single factor and orthogonal experiments. The results showed that the optimal osmotic conditions were as followed，ultrasonic power of 240 W，osmotic time of 30 min，and osmotic concentration of 50%. Under these conditions，the water loss of broccoli was 1.26，and the hardness of frozen broccoli was 39.59 N. The results also indicated that ultrasound-assisted osmotic dehydration improved the efficiency of freezing，reduced the drop loss，and prevented the loss of ascorbic acid and the change in color of broccoli during frozen storage.

Abstract:White shrimp（Litopenaeus vannamei）was selected to study the effect of chitosan，tea polyphenols，acidic electrolyzed water（AEW）and AEW combining with cooking treatment on the immunological activity of major allergen tropomyosin（TM）of shrimp. The immunoactivity of TM was analyzed by SDS-PAGE，Western-blotting，and competitive ELISA. The results showed that no changes was observed in the electrophoresis bands and inhibition rates of TM samples treated with chitosan and tea polyphenols. However，the TM bands were significantly weakened after samples were treated with AEW or combining with cooking. Competitive ELISA results showed that the immunological activity of TM was decreased by 14.1%，15.7% and 18.4%，respectively，after samples were treated with electrolyzed water for 10 min，AEW combining with steaming for 10 min，and steaming alone for 15 min. This study indicated that chitosan and tea polyphenols had no effect on the immunological activity of TM. However，AEW and cooking treatments could reduce the immunological activity of TM at low levels.

Abstract:In order to determine the effects of gluten on the eating quality and moisture distribution of frozen oat noodles，the different percentage of gluten was added into oat flour to produce frozen oat noodles. The effects of gluten on the pasting properties of oat flour，as well as cooking qualities，texture properties，water mobility and microstructure of frozen oat noodles were investigated. The results showed that the cooking loss and broken rate of frozen oat noodles with 10% gluten decreased significantly（P＜0.05），and the adhesion decreased as well. Furthermore，frozen oat noodles with 10% gluten presented obvious crosswise gradient of water，which may lead to better eating quality. Meanwhile，gluten, especially at the level of 10%, decreased the amount of freezable water，and enhanced the density of frozen oat noodles microstructure. The sensory quality of frozen oat noodles was also improved by gluten.

Abstract:The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of fatty acid calcium on redox status and immune function of stressed broilers. A total of 360 yellow-feather broilers with 1-day-age were randomly divided into 4 groups: control （group I）and stress groups（group II，group III，group IV）. The oils added in each group were soybean oil（group I），soybean oil（group II），feed grade lard（group III），soybean oil fatty acid calcium（group IV），with 9 repetitions per group. After 63 days,the redox status and immune function related indicators in blood，liver and intestine were detected. The content of HSP70 in jejunum and plasma of group IV was significantly lower than that of group II and III（P<0.05）. The levels of ACTH and CORT in plasma of group IV were significantly lower than those of group II and III（P<0.05）and close to those of group I. The liver CAT activity，liver and duodenal total SOD activities in group IV were significantly higher than those in group III（P<0.05），and the MDA content in serum，liver and duodenum was significantly lower than that in group III（P<0.05）. Liver MDA content was significantly lower than group II and there was no significant difference from groupⅠ. Plasma IgG and IgA contents in group IV were significantly higher than those in group III（P<0.05）. The plasma and liver IL-6 levels in group IV were significantly lower than those in group III（P<0.05）. The results indicated that，the redox state of stressed broilers was improved，the adverse effects of stress on the immune function of broilers was relieved，and the anti-stress ability was enhanced by fatty acid calcium.

Abstract:In order to control the formation of white sediment on the surface of salted Chinese olive (WSSCO), improve the product quality and promote the absorption of nutrients, the effects of two factors, variety and salting, were investigated. Three varieties, Raoping, Huiyuan and Changying, were selected and the turbidity meter was used for evaluation of the salting conditon. The results showed that there were little difference for the main components and mineral elements among three varieties. Raoping had the highest contents of polyphenols and soluble protein，especially the polyphenol content in peel was（2.675 ±0.035）%（wet weight）. Polyphenols and soluble protein might be the precursors of WSSCO. H+ could change the protein hydrophobicity to affect the combination of protein and polyphenols. When pH of salt solution was 2.25~2.50，the production of WSSCO was minimum. The high concentration salt could reduce the protein solubility，while sodium metabisulfite could protect polyphenols and destroy protein structure, thus preventing their combination. Therefore，with the increase of salt and sodium metabisulfite concentration，the WSSCO content decreased. The high concentration of Ca2+ could combine with phenolic hydroxyl to form insoluble compounds. When the Ca sup>2+ concentration was below 2.5 g/L，there was no effect on WSSCO formation，while the concentration was more than 2.5 g/L，it could promote the formation of WSSCO. So, regulating saline conditions could inhibit the formation of WSSCO.

Abstract:In this paper, glutinous rice flour, water, isomalt maltose syrup and high maltose syrup were used as the main raw materials of the mochi to study the effects of extruding temperature, nozzle diameter, and glutinous rice flour/water ratio on the rheological and texture properties of the printed samples of the mochi. Besides, the modeling effect of printed samples of the mochi under different technological conditions was also investigated. The results showed that when the formula was glutinous rice flour: water: isomaltose syrup:high maltose syrup:sesame oil = 29.37:33.99:16.20:19.44:1.00 based on weight, the extruding temperature was set to 30 ℃ and the nozzle diameter was set to 0.8 mm, the flowability of the material was good, and the corresponding printed products also had the best modeling effect and the best intact shape which matched with the targeted geometry.

Abstract:The study aimed to observe the effect of Anhua dark tea on serum lipids，OX-LDL and related inflammatory factors in APOE-/- mice to speculate its anti-AS mechanism. Fifty-five eight-week-old male APOE-/- mice were fed with western diet for 13 weeks continuously. Ten eight-week-old male C57 mice as normal group were fed with nomal diet for 13 weeks continuously. After 13 weeks，five mice were randomly selected for HE staining to determine the model. Then the mouse were randomly divided into model group，atorvastatin group and high，medium and low doses of Anhua dark tea groups. They were given saline，atorvastatin and Anhua dark tea with doses of 10, 2.16, 1.44 and 0.72 g/（kg·d） by gavage, respectively. The blank group were given equal doses of saline by gavage and the APOE-/- mice continued to be fed with western diet for 8 weeks. At the end of experiment，the eyeball was taken for blood and the serum was separate for blood lipids and related inflammatory factors.The body，liver，spleen，and abdominal fat of the mice were weighed，and the liver index was calculated. The aorta of the mice were taken for HE staining. Compared with the model group，the aortic root plaques， the weights of body，liver，spleen，abdominal fat and liver index，the levels of TG，IL-1β，MCP-1，OX-LDL，TNF-α，hs-CRP of Anhua dark tea groups were decreased significantly（P<0.05）. In conclusion，the anti-AS mechanism of Anhua dark tea may be related to its lipid-lowering, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative capacities.

Abstract:An aptamer-based lateral flow strip was developed for the rapid detection of Listeria monocytogenes. This assay was designed based on the sandwich-type format by using primary aptamer conjugated with gold nanoparticles（AuNP） as a signaling probe and secondary aptamer coated membrane as a capturing probe. Several experimental conditions were investigated，including the concentration of aptamer，pH of AuNP solution，and loading quantity of AuNP-aptamer conjugates and streptavidin-aptamer conjugates. Under optimized conditions，the aptamer-based lateral flow strip showed a visual limit of detection（LOD） of 103 cfu/mL，and had no significant cross-reactivity with several food-borne pathogens. The aptamer-based lateral flow strip was shown to provide a reliable，accurate method for rapid detection of Listeria monocytogenes in the real samples.

Abstract:The study aimed to establish a method for quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker (QAMS) to quantify six soybean isoflavones by HPLC with ultraviolet detection of dual wavelength，which would decrease the cost of quantitative analysis of isoflavones and enhance the efficiency. The sample was extracted by methanol under the ultrasonic wave assistance，then analyzed by HPLC with a C18 column. The running condition was 25 ℃，injection volume of 10 μL，detection wavelength of 262 nm and 248 nm，elution rate of 1.0 mL/min with 0.2% formic acid in water and methanol. Six soybean isoflavones were used for the QAMS to obtain the standard curves，linear ranges，relative correction factors (RCF)，relative retention times，and relative peak areas. The precision，stability，repeatability，sample recovery rate，system durability and adaptability of QAMS method were tested and compared with those of external standard method. The results showed that six soybean isoflavones had good linearity within the analysis range (R² > 0.999 9).

Abstract:An analytical method was established for rapid detection of 65 veterinary drug residues in animal origin foods by UHPLC-MS/MS. The samples were extracted with a mixture of acetonitrile and formic acid. The resulting solution was purified by the solid phase extraction column with ProElut PLS-A.The analytes were detected in the multiple reaction monitoring mode.The 65 target compounds showed good linearity（r＞0.99）. The limits of quantification ranged from 0.1 to 1.6 μg/kg. The average recoveries of most veterinary drug residues were in the range of 67. 1%～100.2% and the RSD were less than 7.8%（n=3）. The established method is suitable for rapid detection and analysis of 65 veterinary drug residues in animal origin foods.