Abstract:Transglutaminases are a family of enzymes to ligate the carbonyl group of glutamines and the ?着-amine group of lysine to form an amide bond between proteins. This conjugation technology was widely used in food and textile industry initially. Recently，microbial transglutaminases（MTGase） mediated ligation was developed into a useful tool for site-specific modification of protein because of the advantages，such as easy availability，mild reaction condition and Ca2+-independent etc. By introducing MTGase recognized Q-tag and K-tag into protein using genetic engineering technology，many molecules，including small molecular drugs，proteins，polymers，oligosaccharides and lipids are conjugated to proteins，and peptide cyclized through this site-specific acyl transfer reaction. These conjugates were extensively used in the fields of medicinal chemistry，chemical biology and biomaterials. This review focused on the recent progress of MTGase mediated site-specific protein modification.

Abstract:Polysaccharide from flowers and leaves of female plant in industrial hemp（PFLFIH） was extracted by decoction and alcohol sedimentation technique. Its antimicrobial activities in vitro of 9 kinds of normal pathogenic bacteria and fungi were determined by comparing the size of K-B inhibition zone. The effects of ultraviolet rays，temperature，solvents pH value，oxidant and reducer on its antimicrobial activities were also discussed. The results showed that PFLFIH had a good bactericidal effect on Staphylococcus aureas. Its minimum inhibitory concentration（MIC） was 3.125 mg/mL and minimum bactericidal concentration（MBC） was 6.25 mg/mL. Meanwhile，it has no antimicrobial activities of other 8 pathogenic bacteria and fungi. High temperature，ultraviolet rays，oxidant and reducer treatments did not affect its inhibitory effect. While pH value of the solvent environment is 7，the best antimicrobial activity could be shown.

Abstract:The solid-state fermentation of Trichoderma harzianum，in which waste bacteria stick were used as substrate，was optimized by using single-factor test and response surface methodology（RSM）. The up-scaled solid-state fermentation was carried out. Results showed that the optimal conditions were：inoculation 7.5 g/dL（w/w），substrate loading quantity 20 g，natural pH，culture temperature 28 ℃ and fermentation time 144 h. The optimal conditions of response surface analysis method were 57.07%（w/w） initial water content，3.08% starch and 1.99% NaNO3. The theoretical spore yield was 5.65×109 cfu/g compared with the actual yield 5.91×109 cfu/g，which was consistent with the theoretical prediction. The eventual sporulation was 8.20×109 cfu/g at the condition of ventilation by using the 10 L solid-state fermenter.

Abstract:A strain isolated from the decayed potato vermicelli，which was identified as Bacillus pumilus HN-10. In this test，the effect of Bacillus pumilus HN-10 on antagonistic activity and cell structure of Trichothecium roseum was studied. In vitro antifungal activity of B pumilus HN-10 was determined through the mycelial growth and spore germination of T roseum. Meanwhile，the disease control effect was verified in melon（Cucumis melo L） fruits inoculated with pores treated with B pumilus HN-10 fermentation fluid. Furthermore，a series of physiology and biochemistry indexes，which including growth curve，conductivity，the exudation content of Intracellular protein and nucleic acid etc，and combined with scanning electron microscope（SEM） observation，were measured to elucidate the antagonistic effect against the pathogen. The results showed that B pumilus HN-10 fermentation fluid on T.roseum mycelial growth and spore germination had a significantly inhibiting effect. The fermentation fluid had a great inhibitory effect for the decay of T.roseum，and companing with the higher fermentation fluid concentration，the diameter of the wound rot changed smaller. The growth curve of T.roseum implied that B pumilus HN-10 fermentation fluid crude protein extract had an obvious inhibition effect on T.roseum biomass. In addition，the fermentation fluid crude extract could change or destroy the structural integrity of cell membrane of T.roseum and significantly enhance the permeability of cell membrane，which led to leakage of the intracellular contents.

Abstract:As one of the most important pollutants in textile and paper industries，polyvinyl alcohol（PVA） has caused much attention. To improve the degradation efficiency，the reaction conditions of PVA degradation by using polyvinyl alcohol dehydrogenase（PVADH） and oxidized polyvinyl alcohol hydrolase（OPH） were optimized. Based on the Box-Behnken design and response surface strategy，optimal conditions were set as follows：PVA 1 g/L，PVADH 123 U/mL，OPH 12 U/mL，pH 7.7，reaction temperature at 41 ℃，Ca2+ 1 mmol/L，PQQ 6 μmol/L. Under these conditions，the degradation efficiency can reach over 95% after PVADH and OPH 4 h reaction. These results indicated that PVADH and OPH can co-degrade PVA efficiently，which will promote industrial applications of enzymatic degradation of PVA.

Abstract:The pilot-scale horizontal reactor was investigated in this research for the anaerobic digestion of excess sludge. The reactor with the solar thermal insulation was operated under conditions of 20% solid content and continuous feeding mode. Results showed that the biogas yield reached 274 mL/g VS with methane content of 58% after 3 months' operation. The VS conversion rate was 46%, in which protein and polysaccharide were 36.7% and 30.1% respectively. Moreover, the maximum VFA content with the value of 2 395 mg/kg was appeared on the 42nd day during the whole process. The ammonia concentration increased slowly, then reached the maximum value of ~ 124.3 mg/kg during the digestion process. The degradation rate of VS, protein and polysaccharide in four sampling port of the reactor showed obvious difference, indicating that the sludge degradation rate in the reactor was positively collated with the distance along the reactor. After 73 days' anaerobic digestion, the methane producing potential of sludge could reach 273 mL/g VS, which showed that the system had a good potential for methane generation, and the residual municipal in the reactor had been successfully transformed into anaerobic activated sludge.

Abstract:In order to unveil the population structure of the mold strains which may cause contamination in food and their production environments and packing materials，the 55 isolates were first collected and mono-spore purified from the collected samples，and then the morphological and molecular characterization means were both conducted to identify the mold strains to the species level. The experimental results have indicated that the 55 isolates of mold species identified mainly include Aspergillus，Fusarium，Penicillium，Cladosporium and Alternaria species，etc. These achieved data would be valuable references for safety control and monitoring of contamination of mold species.

Abstract:The inhibition effects of caffeic acid on quorum sensing（QS），virulence and signal molecules of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was studied. The effect on QS was determined using a biosensor bioassay with C. violaceum. The effect of caffeic acid on virulence factors and biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa was investigated using standard methods. Then，the production of quorum sensing signals was evaluated through UPLC-MS analysis. The results exhibited that caffeic acid significantly inhibited production of violacein in C. violaceum at the concentrations below the sub-MIC，which revealed anti-QS activity. Moreover，caffeic acid exhibited significant inhibition in swarming motility，biofilm formation and virulence factors（pyocyanin and rhamnolipid） of P. aeruginosa. When the concentration of caffeic acid was 0.4 mg/mL，the inhibition rate of biofilm，pyocyanin and rhamnolipid of P. aeruginosa was 65.3%，66.4% and 31.8%，respectively；the inhibition rate of C4-HSL，C6-HSL，C8-HSL and 3-oxo-C12-HSL was up to 59.6%，49.2% ，53.9% and 52.2%，respectively. These findings indicated that caffeic acid had the potential to be effective inhibitor on QS，biofilm formation and virulence factors of P. aeruginosa. The mechanism of the inhibition on QS appeared to be interfering with AHL activity and modulating the synthesis of AHLs.

Abstract:To decrease the toxicity and improve the tumor cell selectivity of PEI，polyethyleneimine（PEI） and hyaluronic acid（HA） were modified with histidine（His） to obtain PEI-His and HA-His in this study. The HH/PH/DNA（HPD） complexes，used for gene transfection，were prepared via electrostatic interaction. The average particle size of the complexes was 108.5 nm determined by dynamic light scattering，as well as the ζ-potential was -15.4 mV. HPD could efficiently encapsulate DNA and protect it from the enzymatic degradation. In addition，the HH coating further prevented the adhesion of serum on the surface of HPD. Cellular experiments showed that the cytotoxicity of PEI was reduced via the modification of His. The gene transfection efficiency induced by HPD in tumor cells increased by 2-fold as compared with that in normal cells，showing good selectivity.

Abstract:Composition and antioxidant activity changes of blueberry wine were assessed during the process of clarification and stabilization，through the determination of it's physical and chemical indicators，microbial indicator，volatile aroma components，polyphenol amount and antioxidant activity. Results showed that，through the process of clarification and stabilization，no changes occured for total sugar content，while minor changes occured for pH value and total acid content. Alcohol content decreased gradually during the process，but no significant difference. Total sulfur dioxide，free sulfur dioxide and dry extract content decreased significantly，which was affected greatly by diatomaceous earth filtration and fining treatment. The number of volatile aroma components greatly decreased from 38 kinds to 25 after the treatment. Total polyphenols and total anthocyanin content significantly reduced，fining and freezing treatment showed great inpact on it. DPPH radical scavenging，superoxide anion radical scavenging，reducing power and total antioxidant activity also decreased significantly. The process of clarification and stabilization reduced the nutrients and bioactivity of blueberry wine，this provides a theoretical basis for further optimization of the process.

Abstract:The polysaccharides from buckwheat bee pollen were isolated and identified，and the hypoglycemic activity of purified polysaccharides was determined. By using DEAE-52 ion-exchange column，HW-55F gel column and Sephacryl S-400 gel column，polysaccharide A was separated and purified from the crude polysaccharides. The hypoglycemic activity of polysaccharides A was evaluated through the mouse model of diabetes and polysaccharides A was identified by using nuclear magnetic resonance technique. Compared with control group（without treatment of polysaccharide A），the blood glucose in diabetic mice was notably decreased with treatment of polysaccharide A at both high and low doses，with decreased rates of 18.46% and15.11%，respectively. Moreover，polysaccharide A improved glucose tolerance in diabetic mice and its main chain was deduced to be composed of （1 → 6） -β- glucose and the side chains are linked with amino acids.

Abstract:Heme，an iron containing prothetic group for oxygen transfer in the body，is a good kind of blood tonic. At present，only few studies on heme biosynthesis have been reported. The regulatory mechanism of heme biosynthesis is still unclear. In the present study，by applying the modular combination strategy，the committed genes hemA and hemL as the first module was overexpressed by the high copy number plasmid pUC19. In parallel，the downstream heme biosynthesis pathway genes were divided into the second（hemB，hemC，hemD and hemE） and third（hemF，hemG，and hemH） modules，and were combinatorially expressed by the plasmids pRSFDuet-2，pCDFDuet-2 and pACYCDuet-2. In comparison，the recombinant strain E. coli D6 achieved the highest heme titer（0.56 μmol/（L·OD）） at 48 h in shake flask cultures. By applying a batch fermentation strategy，the heme production was increased to 0.954 μmol/（L·OD） at 48 h in 3 L fermenter.

Abstract:To optimize a serum-free medium for high cell density of CHO cells expressing HSA/IL2.CHO expressing HSA/IL2 cells were cultured in M1 medium supplemented with three kinds of hydrolysate[yeast extract（YE），soytone（Soy）and tryptone（Tyr）]and different concentrations[1.0，2.5，5.0，10.0 g/L]to evaluate the effects of additives on cell density，cell viability，cell cycle，apoptosis and protein expression level. M1 medium supplemented with 5.0 g/L YE could significantly promote cell growth and enhance the expression level of HSA/IL2. The maximum viable cell density was 9.95×106 cells/ml and the expression level of HSA/IL2 reached 104.06 mg/L，respectively，which represent an increase of 42% and 51% in comparison with the control group. In addition，YE affected cell cycle in different cell culture phases. In logarithmic growth phase，YE could increase the percent of S phase for cell growth；In the stationary phase，YE could increase the percent of G1 phase for enhancing protein expression.

Abstract:Anthocyanins were extracted from Chinese wild Vaccinium uliginosum Linn. and purified by the macroporous resin XAD-7 . The effects of purified extract on the cells proliferation，cells cycle，apoptosis and ROS（ Reactive Oxygen Species ） release were investigated to assessed its anti-neoplasmic activity against SPCA-1 cells and its underlying mechanism，detect the actives of the proteins associated with apoptosis by ELISA. The research indicates Chinese wild Vaccinium uliginosum Linn. anthocyanins can significantly inhibited the viability of SPCA-1 cells with IC50 107.399 ?滋g/mL，played significant role on the cell cycle and can cause early apoptosis and ROS；besides，changes of the expression of apoptotic proteins also indicate that Chinese wild Vaccinium uliginosum Linn. anthocyanins induced the apoptosis of SPCA-1 cells.

Abstract:Very high gravity（VHG） batch ethanol fermentation has the problems of high residual sugar concentration and low sugar-ethanol conversion rate. It was found that the concentrations of dextrin and reducing sugar increased gradually with the increase of the concentration of the mixture. The reasons for the high concentration of dextrin and reducing sugar were mainly related to the activity of saccharification enzyme and the sugar utilization ability of yeast. To resolve these problems，process of fed-batch very high gravity ethanol fermentation with massive inocula was proposed in the study，and the inoculum concentration，initial feeding time，feeding duration and feeding mode were optimized. Results showed that the optimum process is 30% inoculation concentration，the initial feeding time after inoculation 8 h，the feeding duration 20 h and constant feeding speed. Compared with the batch fermentation，the residual sugar decreased by 6.5 g/L，meanwhile，the sugar-ethanol conversion rate of increased by 3.2%.

Abstract:Four youghort starters were used in cookie dough fermentation to study effect on quality. The forth agent was better than others. Fermentation conditions were optimized by single factor and orthogonal test，sensory scores、physicochemical indexes and change of microbial number of cookies with different storage time were determined. The results showed the best fermentation conditions were：fermentation temperature 42 ℃、fermentation time 4 h、inoculum concentration 4.5%. After fermentation the cookies tasted more fresh and crisp，sensory score was 90，control group's sensory score was 80. Reducing sugar content，fat，cholesterol of fermentation group were lower than control group about 2.67 g/hg，6 g/hg，205 mg/kg，and acrylamide content decreased. Lactic acid fermentation exhibited inhibitory effect against total colony counts and Escherichia coli groups，exhibited weak inhibitory effect against total molds. The study provides the theoretical foundation for the lactic acid bacteria used in the production of industrial cookies.

Abstract:The volatile compounds of potato were determined by headspace-solid phase microextration（HS-SPME） coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（GC-MS）. More than 37 volatile compounds were identified including aldehydes，alcohols，furans，hydrocarbons，ketones，phenols，esters and methylthio compounds in fresh potato，potato puree steamed，and potato puree stored at 60 ℃ for 3 h. The hydrocarbons were the major volatiles including methyl cyclopentane（25.74%），n-hexane（5.86%），n-pentane（5.93%） in the fresh potatoes.The aldehydes were the main volatiles including hexanal（88.92%），valeraldehyde（3.437%），（Z）-2-heptenal（2.077%），nonanal（ 0.748%） in the potato puree steamed and potato puree stored at 60 ℃ for 3 h. and Hexanal（88.92%） was the dominant compound in the potato puree steamed and potato puree stored at 60 ℃ for 3 h.

Abstract:To systematically analyse the nutritional value of Bangia fusco-purpurea, we have detected the nutrient content according to the national standard biochemical assay. The results showed that dry weight content of moisture, crude ash, crude fat, crude protein and crude fiber in Bangia fusco-purpurea were 10.90%, 10.00%, 3.78%, 39.42% and 17.20%, respectively. Eighteen kinds of amino acids were determined, in which essential amino acids was accounting for 35.53%, sweet amino acids and flavor amino acids were accounting for 49.87% of total amino acids. The highest mass fractions of amino acid was glutamic acid, reaching 4.79%. The total mass fractions of fatty acids were 3.77%, in which the w-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids EPA composed 39.26%. The Bangia fusco-purpurea was rich in minerals, such as kalium (K), sodium (Na), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), calcium (Ca) and iron (Fe). The highest mass fractions in macro and trace elements of Bangia fusco-purpurea was K (2 627.17 mg/hg) and Fe (31.80 mg/hg) respectively. This study demonstrated that Bangia fusco-purpurea was a kind of economic seaweed with higher protein and dietary fibre, which had a better researching prospect.

Abstract:Caramel-like aroma，the unique style of southern Anhui tobacco. The aroma components of tobacco leaves from southern Anhui were extracted with head space-solid phase extraction（HS-SPME） and simultaneous distillation and extraction（SDE） and analyzed by GC/MS and GC-O. A total of 26 and 22 aroma compounds were obtained from SDE and HS-SPME，respectively. The thresholds and odor activity values were subsequently measured and the aroma intensity of aroma compounds were evaluated. Finally，16 significant aroma constituents were obtained including 14odorants with OAV higher than 1，solanone and megastigmatrienone. 4-Vinyl-2-methoxy-phenol showed the highest odor intensity，followed by phenylacetaldehyde and linalool. Furthermore，2-pentylfuran，methyl cyclopentenolone and 2-furfural were suspected the main contributor of caramel-like aroma of southern Anhui tobacco.

Abstract:The exopolysaccharide extracted from the fermentation broth of endophytic fungal Fusarium tricinctum WBS020 originated from Fritillaria unibracteata var. wabuensis（FUW） was studied. At first，the crude polysaccharide was precipitated with ethanol from the fermentation broth after being degreased by organic solvent，and further were preliminary purified by macroporous resin methods for decoloration，proteases in combination with Sevag reagent methods for deproteinization，equilibrium dialysis methods for desalination in vitro，the DEAE cellulose DE-52 anion exchange chromatography and sephadex G-150 column chromatography methods for the separation of polysaccharide. Subsequently，homogeneity average relative molecular weight and monosaccharide composition of the purified polysaccharide were studied by the methods of high-performance gel permeation chromatography coupled with evaporative light scattering detection（HPGPC-ELSD），PMP（1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone） precolumn derivatization with high performance liquid chromatography coupled to photodiode array detector（PMP-HPLC-DAD），respectively. And partial physicochemical properties were also analyzed by ultra violet（UV） spectra and fourier transform infrared（FT-IR） methods. Finally，the antioxidant activities were determined by DPPH radical scavenging assay，ABTS radical scavenging assay and ferrous ion chelating activity assay. Results showed that WBS020EPS1-2，as the main exopolysaccharide，was obtained after the extraction，separation and purification. WBS020EPS1-2 was homogeneous exopolysaccharide with 95% purity and contained a small quantity of binding proteins，and was comprised of mannose，rhamnose，glucose，galactose and ara binose with a molar ratios of 0.43∶0.13∶10.00∶1.92∶0.11. Besides，there was a unknown monosaccharides. The monosaccharide in WBS020EPS1-2 was a pyranose，which was connected by an α-glycosidic linkage. The average relative molecular weight of WBS020EPS1-2 was approximately 3.137×104. In addition，exopolysaccharide WBS020EPS1-2 had a weak DPPH radical scavenging activity，while possessed a strong ABTS radical scavenging effect and a good ferrous ion chelating activity with the IC50 value of 1.93 mg/mL and 4.52 mg/mL，respectively.

Abstract: Vibrio parahaemolyticus is an intracellular pathogen responsible for seafood-borne outbreaks in coastal cities. The aim of this study was to investigate the profiles of V. parahaemolyticus in seafood from Shanghai in 2015-2016. 201 suspected V. parahaemolyticus strains were isolated from 206 aquatic samples by rapid separable and detectable assays，including GB/T4789.2013，polymerase chain reaction（PCR） and loop-mediated isothermal amplification（LAMP）. Suspected colonies were streaked onto CHROMagar Vibrio agar plate to determine the most probable number（MPN）. DNA from the purple colonies was extracted for use as a template for PCR and LAMP detection. A total of 71 samples were collected from the sea wharf，59 of these samples were tested positive for V. parahaemolyticus with levels as high as 88.36 MPN/hg. In contrast，the prevalence rate was 91.11% with levels as high as 1 361.76 MPN/hg for samples collected in the marketplace. The prevalence rates of tdh+ and trh+ were 1.6%，1.0% respectively. These results showed that shrimp was a particular concern for total V. parahaemolyticus and V. parahaemolyticus（tdh+/trh+）contamination. Furthermore，the seafood marketplace has a higher contamination rate than natural environment. As shown in this study，the post-harvest practices increase the prevalence rate and level of V. parahaemolyticus in seafood. These results can be used to control outbreak of foodborne diseases in Shanghai.