Abstract:β-Galactosidase is an important food biocatalyst，which possesses transglycosylation and hydrolysis of β-1，4 glycoside bonds. These catalytic have been widely used in galacto- oligosaccharides production and lactose hydrolysis. As an important member of glycoside hydrolase family，it has accumulated rich results on research of theory and application of β-galactosidase. In this paper，it is reviewed from perspectives of theory and application，including distribution of β-galactosidase in glycoside hydrolase family，theory of catalytic mechanism，progress on structure research，and development of specific functional. This article is intended to provide reference for further research on the catalytic mechanism regulation and the application development of β-galactosidase.

Abstract:This paper was designed to investigate the D-Psicose improved Wistar rat body weight，blood lipid levels，as well as the possible mechanisms of lipid metabolism. The rats were randomly divided into five groups：control group（AIN-76A），glucose group（AIN+Glu），fructose group（AIN+Fru）、D-psicose group（AIN+Psi） and cellulose group（AIN+Cel）. The rats were sacrificed after four weeks and the concentration of total cholesterol（TC），triglyceride（TG），low density lipoprotein cholesterol（LDL-C） and free fatty acid（FFA） in serum were measured. Liver histological analysis was performed by microscopy. The mRNA expression of PPAR-α and FAS in liver were measured by RT-PCR. The result showed that compared with the other diet groups，the body weight，serum TG，FFA，LDL-C level of AIN+Psi group were significantly decreased（P<0.05），but the TC was not significant. RT-PCR result showed that the expression of PPAR-α was up-regulated and FAS were significantly down-regulated in AIN+Psi group（P<0.05），in addition the expression of FAS in AIN+Glu，AIN+Fru and AIN+Cel were higher than AIN-76A. In summary，these results indicate that the D-psicose diet decreases lipogenesis，control blood lipid levels，leading to D-psicose's potential for weight management.

Abstract:In order to establish two-dimensional electrophoresis（2-DE） technology system of total proteins of Bacillus mucilaginosus，2-DE maps obtained from different microbial expolysaccharide dissolution methods，protein extraction methods，pH ranges of IPG strips and isoelectric focusing（IEF） programs were compared. The results showed that hydrochloric acid solution could dissolute expolysaccharide effectively，and phenol extraction protocol combined with TCA/acetone was more beneficial to total protein extraction from Bacillus mucilaginosus. The 2-DE maps without obvious vertical and horizontal stripes，with low background，high resolution and good reproducibility were obtained using the following optimized parameters：17 cm IPG strip with pH 4~7，program Ⅱ（100 V 30 min，1000 V 3 h，8000 V 5 h，8000 V 60000 Vh，500 V 20 h）. Analyzed by the PDQuest software，about 700 protein spots were isolated from the 2-DE protein map. The construction of 2-DE technology system will make a major contribution to the further study of B. mucilaginosus.

Abstract:In order to study water holding capacity of HPMCand its antifreeze effectonbaker's yeast cells，the method of DSC was used to measure the antifreeze active of HPMC and other cryoprotectants. HPMC was used into frozen dough to detect the frozen watercontent after 45 d. Finally，the yeast cellsviability（η） in samples with different cryoprotectants was investigated in different frozen days and concentration. The experimental results showed that the AF of HPMC changes with its degree of substitution and polymerization，up to 9.82，has a significant advantage than Glutamate and Trehalose，which were 5.99 and 3.98. After being frozen for 45d，the frozen water in the dough with 1% HPMC decreased to 51.3% compared with the 65.2% of control samples. The yeast cellsviability（η） decreased quickly in the first 6d，and was stable after 8d，but the η was increased from 23.2% to 55.5% by adding 1% of HPMC，and η was increasing by theincreasing concentration of HPMC from 0 to 1%.

Abstract:According to the wild used of cyclodextrin，the cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase（EC 2.4.1.19，CGTase） used to product cyclodextrins industrially has become the focus of scientific research nowadays. In this study，the purification and characterization of recombinant β-CGTase from Bacillus circulans STB01 were measured.The results showed that the recombinant β-CGTase could be purified by a combination of Phenyl HP hydrophobic chromatography and Q-HP anion exchange chromatography. The recovery of the enzyme was 45.3%. The apparent molecular weights of the β-CGTase was about 76 500 and presented monodisperse，which indicated that the purified enzyme was a monomer in solution. The optimum cyclization reaction pH of the β-CGTase was 6.5，and showed more thermostable in glycine-NaOH buffer. The optimum cyclization reaction temperature was 60 ℃. The thermostability of β-CGTase increased gradually with increased concentration of the enzyme. The function of β-CGTase did not required the metal cofactor. During the whole cyclization reaction，β-cyclodextrin was the main product. The kinetics of the β-CGTase catalyzed cyclization reaction could not be described by the Michaelis-Menten equation with corn starch，potato starch or cassava starch as the substrate. However，the kinetics of cyclization reaction could be fairly well described by the Michaelis-Menten equation while used soluble starch or maltodextrins（DE 5，15，25） as the substrate，respectively.

Abstract:An ozonolytic study of zearalenone in acetonitrile solution was conducted under ozone treatment，producing four intermediate compound（m/z for Compound 1=335.184 1，Compound 2 = 351.190 7，Compound 3=321.186 8 and Compound 4=367.175 3）. By means of CCK-8 kit，cytotoxicity assessment of the degraded zearalenone products in HepG2 cells indicates continued toxicity，albeit at decreased levels.AUPLC-MS/MS method has been established to detect the two main products of zearalenoneozonolysis. Both products occur in practical process model for detoxifying contaminated corn flour by ozonation and zearalenone was decomposed by 95.1% in 90 minutes.

Abstract:The effect of heavy metal Cd on progesterone synthesis pathways of R2C Cells were explored in this research，MTT assay was used to select different concentrations（IC25，IC50 and IC75） of CdSO4. And then R2C cells were stimulated by the three concentrations（IC25，IC50 and IC75） of CdSO4. Radioimmunoassay（RIA） was used to detect the progesterone biosynthesis. Flow cytometry（FCM） assay was used to detect the change in mitochondrial membrane potential（MMP）. The reactive oxygen species（ROS） were detected by ROS kit. The expression levels of StAR and CYP11A1 proteins were measured by Western Blot. The results showed that CdSO4 could inhibit the proliferation of R2C cells，and concentrations of IC25，IC50 and IC75 were（24.93±0.023 5）、（44.80±0.047 9）、（80.51±0.035 7）μmol/L. All of the three concentrations of CdSO4（IC25，IC50 and IC75） could inhibit progesterone biosynthesis，improve the production of ROS and increase the damage ratio of mitochondrial membrane. CdSO4 could also decrease the expression of StAR and CYP11A1. Conclsion：heavy metal Cd could stimulate R2C to produce excessive reactive oxygen species，decrease the level of StAR and CYP11A1，and in turn affect the normal function of mitochondria，ultimately affect the synthesis of progesterone.

Abstract:Soybean soluble polysaccharides（SSPS），was evaluated for possible use as a kind of heavy metals adsorbent. In vitro binding of lead as affected by pH，contact time，metal concentration，and essential metals was carried out in a batch mode. The results indicated that the suitable range of pH was 4～6，lead binding isotherm was well described by Langmuir model at pH 5.5. Kinetics at low concentrations（25、50 mg/L） and high metal concentrations（100 mg/L） obeyed pseudo-first-order model and pseudo-second-order model，respectively. SSPS showed a higher selectivity toward Pb2+ than Zn2+ and Mg2+. Thus SSPS can be used as a safe detoxifying agent for Pb2+ which preventing the loss of essential metals（Zn2+ and Mg2+） successfully.

Abstract:Acacia Seyal is a hydrophilic polysaccharide with poor emulsifying performance. This experiment covalently linked casein hydrophobic peptide（CHP） to gum A. Seyal through Maillard reaction to obtain a new polysaccharide emulsifier. The conjugates were improved in their emulsion capacity in emulsion of canola oil in water，which is up to 44-folds of that of Acacia Seyal and close to that of gum Acacia Senegal；and the emulsion stability can be increased about 20 times. Their ability to reduce the surface/interfacial tension and interfacial viscoelasticity are stronger than that of gum Acacia Seyal；and increased with increasing hydrophobicity of the conjugates.The hydrophilic-hydrophobic property and surface activity of CHP-A. Seyal conjugate，viscoelastic of solution，emulsion activity in canola oil/water were studied. The results indicate that the covalent attachment of peptides to polysaccharide can change the balance of hydrophilic-lipophilic of gum A. Seyal to modulate the surface physicochemical properties especially emulsifying properties.

Abstract:In order to improve the foaming properties of egg white protein products，using fresh egg white as raw material，this paper adopted heat treatment to assist the limited papain hydrolysis of egg white protein. Then，the effects of substrate concentration，enzyme dosage，enzyme hydrolysis time，enzymatic hydrolysis temperature and pH on the foaming properties and the degree of hydrolysis of egg white protein were analyzed. Based on single factor experiment，the foaming ability and foam stability were selected as response values. Response surface analysis and variance analysis were employed to optimize process parameters. The optimum enzymatic hydrolysis conditions were as follows：substrate concentration 3%，heat treatment temperature 90 ℃，heat treatment time 10 min，enzyme dosage 3 500 u/g，enzyme hydrolysis time 2.5 h，enzymatic hydrolysis temperature 55 ℃ and pH 7. Under these conditions，the foaming ability and foam stability of egg white protein were 1741.38% and 93.38%. Compared with common egg white protein，the foaming ability was increased by 112.97%，and the foam stability was increased by 93.27%. The results of rheological properties of foam were shown that the storage modulus G 'of the foam of modified protein is 1.5 times higher than that of unmodified protein.

Abstract:Effect of polysaccharide of Flammulina velutipes （FVP） addition on pasting properties of wheat and cookies quality was studied. Determined the effect of different amounts of FVP on pasting properties of wheat flour by rapid viscosity analyzer （RVA）. Utilizing Texture Analyzer，electronic nose and SPME-GC-MS analysed the quality of FVP cookies. The effects of FVP were investigated on the sensory evaluation of cookies. With the increase of the added amount of FVP，its peak viscosity，attenuation value，final viscosity，retrogradation，hardness and elasticity decrease. Electronic nose distinguished between different concentrations of FVP cookies，and sensor response radar contour were similar. FVP cookies volatile flavor compounds were richer and the major increase flavoring compositions are aromatic and heterocyclic compounds，as well as nitrogen-containing compounds produced by the Maillard reaction. 5% FVP has the highest score of sensory evaluation，and it is the most easily accepted by consumers.

Abstract:In this paper，blend of potato flour with rice flour in the ratio of 6∶4 was used as raw material to make potato noodles with twin-screw extrusion. The optimized process for extruded potato noodles was studied by evaluate effect of extrusion process parameters（moisture content，screw speed，barrel pasting temperature and extrusion temperature）. The result indicated that the effect of four factors on the quality of potato noodles was as follow：moisture content > extrusion temperature > pasting temperature > screw speed. The orthogonal test revealed that optimal conditions for processing of extruded potato noodles were：moisture content 38 %，screw speed 100 rpm，barrel pasting temperature 105 ℃，barrel extrusion temperature 92.5 ℃. At these conditions，comprehensive evaluation score was 11.889，tasting better and cooking loss lower. Then the processing of extruded potato noodles was predicted to have certain feasibility.

Abstract:Beef rump was used as raw material in this study to optimize the tumbling marinating process in steak production. Results showed that：tumbling mileages significantly affected color，cooking lose，transverse relaxation time T2，myofibrillar protein solubility，hardness，elasticity and shear forceof beef. Different rotation speeds，rotation methods，along with selected tumbling mileages were chosen to implement a L9（34） orthogonal test. Cooking lose and shear force were measuredto evaluatetheir effects，and results indicated that the optimal condition was tumbling 3000m，run 20 min，pause 10 min，and tumbling speed was 10r/min. Beef had better edible quality under above conditionby thecooking lose reduced 8.44% and shear force increased 18.53%，compared to beef which were not tumbled.

Abstract:In order to explore the effect of different high pressure processing conditions on myofibril protein structure of grass carp fillets. The influence of the structure indexes，such as the total sulfhydryl and surface-reactive sulfhydryl content，Raman spectroscopy of the grass carp fillets myofibril protein structure was studied by high pressure processing（Pressure：0.1~600 MPa，holding time：15 min）.Results show that with the increase of pressure，the total sulfhydryl content and Ca2 + - ATPase activity decreased. Surface-reactive sulfhydryl content increased first then decreased，and surface hydrophobicity continued to increase. Endogenous fluorescence spectrum showed that ultrahigh pressure processing affect the myofibril protein tertiary structure，meanwhile the microenvironment of tryptophan is changed. Raman spectroscopy analyzed the change of myofibril protein secondary structure by high pressure processing，with the decrease of alpha helix shrinking，beta fold or random curly increase.

Abstract:The changes in quality of longan during the hot-air and microwave drying processes were investigated in this study. As a result，the change in browning degree of the longan pulp was closely related to the polyphenoloxidase（PPO） activity. The activation of peroxidase（POD） activity had a connection with the water content of longan pulp. PPO was more sensitive to high temperature than POD. The browning of ascorbic acid was not the major reason for the browning of longan pulp. Microwave drying was well-distributed when two-layer of fresh longan was placed in the microwave chamber. The longan dried by microwave was acceptable in texture. By comparison，the efficiency of microwave drying was significantly higher than that of hot-air drying and the browning degree and PPO activity of the longan dried by microwave drying were both lower than those of the longan dried by hot-air drying. Therefore，microwave drying is more suitable for the drying process of longan than hot-air drying from the viewpoint of quality and time-saving process.

Abstract:In order to reduce the harmful ingredients in mainstream cigarette smoke and improve the aesthetic qualities，we have introduced Plumeria rubra particles prepared by fluidized beds in compound filter rod. To optimize the pellet fabrication，we took the acceptance rate of frangipani particles and sensory evaluation as important indexes. As a result，the analysis of harmful ingredients emission demonstrates that the Plumeria rubra particles can effectively reduce the phenol and benzopyrene in cigarettes-mainstream. And the sensory evaluation result suggests that the fragrance quality of experiment samples is markedly modified.

Abstract:The volatile constituents of cardamom oil from different producing area were analyzed by gas chromatography - time-of-flight mass spectrometry（GC-TOF/MS）. With the MS library search，68 and 33 volatile constituents were confirmed by using retention index in cardamom oil from Vietnam and United Kingdom origin.According to the result，alpha-terpinyl acetate（36.01%），1，8-cineole（28.04%），linalyl acetate（6.58%），linalool（5.47%），limonene（4.16%），sabinene（2.84%），terpinen-4-ol（1.89%），geraniol（1.61%），geranyl acetate（1.59%），octyl acetate（1.22%） were the main components in cardamon oil from Vietnam origin. 1，8-Cineole（44.91%），alpha-terpinyl acetate（38.53%），linalool（3.29%），limonene（2.46%），alpha-terpineol（1.52%），nerol（1.47%），terpinen-4-ol（1.11%） were the main components in cardamon oil from United Kingdom origin. There were certain differences in the kinds and content of volatile constituents from two origins.