Abstract:In recent years，many substantial advances have been made in the research of cellobiose 2-epimerase（CE）. For different oligosaccharides，CE shows different levels of epimerization and isomerization activities，converting lactose into epilactose and lactulose，respectively. Both of them are lactose derivatives with prebiotic properties and show wide application prospects in food and pharmaceutical industries. Therefore，more and more attention has been attracted to the middle and downstream processes of industrial applications of CE. CEs from mesophilic and thermophilic microorganisms have also been applied to satisfy different needs in production. In particular，CE of mesophilic microorganisms can maintain activity at lower temperatures，facilitating the applications of CE in dairy industry. In this paper，we summarized the recent progress in the enzymatic properties，catalytic products，and dairy industrial development of CE.

Abstract:Ferulic acid is an important antioxidant，is a hot topic research in recent years. Ferulic acid esterase（FAEs） can hydrolyze the ester bond to release free ferulic acid. In this paper，according to the whole genome sequence of Lactobacillus johnsonii and the conserved sequence of ferulic acid esterase，the author designed a new encoding gene Lj0900 of ferulic acid esterase. By PCR amplification，enzyme connection，constructing the restructuring of the carrier，and successfully expressed in E. coli BL21. To study the preliminary properties of pure enzyme，crude FAEs was purified by nickel column. With the methyl ferulate as the substrate，discovered that the optimum temperature for the enzyme is 30 ℃，the optimum pH is 6.

Abstract:Construct recombinant Bacillus subtilis to over-expression Aspergillus oryzae prolyl minopeptidase，then purified and characterized its basic enzyme properties. The pap gene was cloned from pMD19-pap vector and ligated into pMA5 to generate recombinant pMA5-pap expression vector. Then the vector was transformed into Bacillus subtilis WB600 competent cells and secretory expressed. By adding 5% D-sorbitol and 2 mmol/L CaCl2 in TB medium，the enzyme activity in fermented supernatant increased from 7.5 to 36.0 U/mL. The recombinant prolyl aminopeptidase was purified by ammonium sulfate，Hitrap Q anion exchange chromatography and SuperdexTM 75 gel chromatography，the purification factor was 8.8 and the specific activity of the purified enzyme was 247.3 U/mg. The purified enzyme has the highest activity at pH 7.5 and 50 ℃，the K m and V max was estimated to be 0.171 mmol/L and 55.99 μmol/（L·min） respectively.

Abstract:The quantitative detection of rutin in tartary buckwheat wort was performed by the high performance liquid chromatography in this study. The thermal stability of rutin hydrolase and mashing process were carried out to determine the optimum technical parameters as follows：mashing-in temperature was 90 ℃ in mash copper ，the added ratio of tartary buckwheat was 40%，the ratio of material to water was 1∶6，and the adding level of thermostable α-amylase was 8 U/g，incubation for 10 min；mashing-in temperature was 45 ℃ in mash tun，the ratio of material to water was 1∶4，and the adding level of neutral protease was 0.01%，incubation for 30 min，then combined and completed the following mash procedure. The content of rutin was increased from 15 mg/L to 611 mg/L after optimization in 12 °P wort. Meanwhile，the conventional physical and chemical indexes were analyzed，and the indexes were similar to the indexes of wort. The content of rutin was increased from 0.2 mg/L to 220 mg/L in 10 °P tartary buckwheat beer brewed in laboratory.

Abstract:γ-Aminobutyric acid（GABA） is a non-protein amino acid which possesses important physiological functions such as antihypertensive effect. Though its application in the food industry was widely investigated，the research in the beer industry was rare. In this study，the content of GABA in beers on the present market usually ranged from 40 to 65 mg/L while this value reached 91.3±6.9 mg/L in the highland barley Monascus beer. The GABA contents in wort were characterized in mashing and fermentation. The results showed that the GABA content grow at the beginning of the mashing and gradually flatten. The ratio for highland barley and barley malt obviously affect the GABA content. The content of GABA increased by adding the highland barley Monascus. During the whole fermentation process，10.7% of GABA was lost.

Abstract:The recombinant Corynebacterium glutamicum SYPS-062 33a?驻SSA-PS was an L-serine producing strain on sucrose. To study the effects of molasses，different pretreatment techniques and concentrations of molasses were tested on the growth of the strain and L-serine accumulation. For endogenous regulation，the effect of the transcription of genes in EMP pathway was studied. The result indicated that molasses as the sole carbon was not favorable to the synthesis of L-serine. While，with the addition of molasses with 0.24% sugar by the pretreatment with H2SO4，the strain showed a significant improvement in the cell growth（OD562=76.37） and L-serine（32.76 g/L） after 120 h of fermentation. Compared to the control，the cell growth and L-serine were improved by 23.82 % and 29.44%，respectively. The results of qRT-PCR showed that the addition of molasses could significantly improve the transcription of genes in the EMP pathway，which was one of the reason why molasses could improve the production of L-serine.

Abstract:Based on the power spectrum，a new way for extracting the protein sequences feature was proposed by applying the hierarchical clustering and entropy evaluation. It contained the following three main parts. Firstly，the numerical expression of amino acid sequences was given by the classical HP model. Then，the characteristic spectrum of protein sequence was obtained by using the discrete Fourier transform，and a 12-dimensional feature vector was constructed to represent the protein sequence spectral. Finally，the hierarchical clustering method was used to obtain the structure of protein sequences. The way is a new extension from DNA sequence to the protein sequence. By testing and comparing on three sets of data，their hierarchical structures shown that the new method is better than the DNA sequence analysis method based on power spectrum for extracting the structural information of the data system. This method has important biological significance in determining the structure and function of the unknown genes.

Abstract:A new method for microwave-assisting diluted acid digestion of tea leaves ，The paper calibrated the instrument and measurement process with EPA6020，It determined the content of the trace elements in black tea leaves by microwave digestion and ICP-MS，It analyzed the 16 kinds of trace and Mn et al，were lower than the limited value，elements（V，Cr，Mn，Fe，Co，Ni，Cu，Zn，As，Se，Sr，Ag，Cd，Cs，Ba and Pb） in 8 kinds of blacks tea leaves，besides，It analyzed the trace elements with the method of principal component analysis. Consequently，the concentration of diluted acid was 2.1±0.2 mol/L could replace concentrated acid，the recovery was 90%~110%，RSD was lower than 5%，and the limited detection was lower. The result turned out that the essential elements，including Sr，Fe，Zn but the content of As was more than the limited value.In generally，The centralized distribution of determining values except the samples of Ba，Sr in S1，Se in S6 and Ag in S8. besides，the reported value of Cd was 43.53 times more than the determined value，the determined value of As was 12.53 times more than the addition，It also showed that Pb，Cd，As and Cr were toxic and harmful elements，the content of Pb and Cr were reported value，the result showed that the pollution of As was more serious，Cr was a little pollution，but the Cd was well controlled in the planting，harvesting，processing and transportation. The research also showed that V，Sr，Cr，Ba，Fe，As and Zn were principal component elements. Besides，it made a comprehensive evaluation for 8 kinds of black tea leaves，the result proved that S1 was the best choice.

Abstract:In order to make directed evolution on L-amino acid deaminase coming from Proteus mirabilis，the error-prone PCR was used to introduce random mutagenesis to the gene to construct a mutation library and screen for mutants which could have high production of α-keto-β-methylvaleric acid. The optimal reaction conditions of the mutant named 7/23-6 were as following. The optimal substrate concentration was 900 mmol/L L-Ile. The optimal reaction tempreture was 30 ℃. The optimal reaction pH was 8.5. And the optimal reaction time was about 21~24 h. Under these conditions，102 g/L α-keto-β-methylvaleric acid could be got with 87% substrate conversion rate as a result. Compared with the original strain，both the α-keto-β-methylvaleric acid production and substrate conversion rate were improved 13 %，and its thermostability was improved 36.7 %.

Abstract:In order to evaluate the effect of mixed starter culture on the quality of fermented silver carp during ripening process，colony count，pH value and total acidity，biogenic amines，total nitrogen（TN），free amino acids（FAA），thiobarbituric acid（TBA），free fatty acids（FFA） and volatile composition were determined. The results showed that colony count and the contents of total acidity，TN，TBA，EPA（eicosapentaenoic acid） and DHA（docosahexaenoic acid） of the mixed fermented samples were higher than those of the control，while pH and biogenic amines content of the mixed fermented samples were lower than those of the control. The highest FAA contents were observed on the 6th day of ripening process，with the corresponding value of 0.030 5 mg/g in inoculated group，which was significantly higher than that of the control. Besides，GC-MS analysis indicated that the relative contents of aldehydes，ketones and esters of inoculated groups were higher than that of control group. Apparently，the mixed starter cultures played critical roles in the protein and lipid changes of fermented silver carp during ripening process，which improved its safety as well flavor formation.

Abstract: Angelica keiskei is a kind of high nutritional vegetable used as both food and medicine. In this study，single factor experiment and orthogonality test were developed to optimize the extraction process of 4-hydroxyderricin（4-HD） and xanthoangelol（XAG），from Angelica keiskei . The optimized extraction conditions were as follows：times of extraction，2 times；extract solvent，80% ethanol；extraction temperature，55 ℃；extraction time，90 min；ratio of solid to liquid，1∶10. Under these optimized conditions，the extraction yield of 4-HD and XAG were 1.82 mg/g and 2.12 mg/g，respectively. Further，isolation and purification of 4-HD and XAG by silica gel column and semi-preparative C18 column was also described，and then the structures and purities were identified by HPLC-MS and NMR. Results showed that 4-HD at 99.08% purity and XAG at 98.92% purity were obtained.

Abstract:In this paper the extraction of Rubus biflorus Buch aroma compounds with three coating materials of solid-phase micro-extraction（SPME） fiber and the automatic identification method for gas chromatography/mass spectrometry（GC/MS） data were researched. The aim of this experiment was to summarize a simple，accurate method for quality breeding and processing of strawberry. The aroma compounds in Rubus biflorus Buch were detected by SPME-GC/MS. A total of 27 compounds were identified by using 3 fiber heads. The major constituents were alcohols，esters，carboxylic acids，ketones and terpenes，with the proportions of 40.7%，29.6%，18.5%，7.4%，3.7%，respectively. The 85 μm PA fiber showed high sensitivity and selectivity for the determination of aroma compounds. 3 kinds of fiber hends were found nerol，geraniol，neral and geranial，geranic acid and lauryl alcohol of 6 kinds of aroma components. Nerol，nerol，geraniol，geranial and geranic acid content is relatively high，is the characteristic aroma components of the Rubus biflorus Buch fruit. 85 μm PA fiber is suitable for the extraction of aroma compounds of Rubus biflorus Buch. And provide a simple and accurate method for the study of Rubus biflorus Buch quality breeding and deep processing.

Abstract:The isolation and identification of lactic acid bacteria from 8 kinds of fruits collected from different regions in XinJinag were carried out by using MRS，M17 and other two different culture medium. The phylogenetic relationship was identified based on analysis of the 16s rRNA gene sequences；and the bacteriocin-producing lactic acid bacteria strains were screened by using the Oxford cup method. A total of 90 lactic acid bacteria strains were isolated from all samples，and 15 representative strains were obtained based on the rep-PCR fingerprint classification. According to the 16s rRNA gene sequence analysis，15 representative strains mainly belong to genus of Lactobacillus （8 strains）， Leuconostoc （6 strains）， Lactococcus （1 strain） respectively. A total of 8 lactic acid bacteria strains can inhibit the growth of S taphylococcus aureus ， Bacillus subtilis and Listeria monocytogenes ，were screened out by using the Oxford cup method，and they have great potential application for their possible use as a natural biopreservatives in the food industry.

Abstract:The phenomenon of meat adulteration has become the concerned problems of the food industry in China. In this study，the cross priming amplification（CPA） and nucleic acid test strip detection method were used together to rapid detect the component of pork meat in the meat product. Specific primers and probes were designed according to the D-loop gene sequence of the pork mitochondria（mtDNA），then the concentration of primers and reaction condition were optimized to establish the best system eventually. The results showed that the amplification system had good specificity for the pork-derived component as the detection limit of the single pork-derived component reached 1 ng/μL，while detection ratio of the pork meat component was 10%（equivalent to 10 ng/μL）. Nucleic acid test strips could quickly get the amplification products，and the result of test strips was as same as that of gel electrophoresis system. The CPA- nucleic acid test strip method established by this study was a specific and efficient method to detect the component of pork meat，which could provide a new effective approach for the quality control of meat products.

Abstract:The present study was conducted to research physicochemical properties of different particle sized carrot dietary fiber and its influence on starch pasting properties. We prepared six granulometric fractions having average particle size 332.5（G1），142.3（G2），65.64（G3），26.36（G4），9.51（G5） and 2.04 μm（G6） using Planetary Ball Mill. Thermogravimetric，rheological properties，pore diameter distribution and phase stability of the six fractions were studied and we used the RVA to study their influence on starch pasting properties. Results revealed that micronization of samples resulted in improvement of specific surface area，pore volume and stability while reduction of viscosity. In addition，dietary fiber had effect on starch gelatinization，and the setback values declined with the amount of dietary fiber increasing，meanwhile，the peak viscosity decreased with particle size reduction.

Abstract:In this paper，microorganisms，pH values，total volatile base nitrogen（TVBN），amino nitrogen（ANN），thiobarbituric acid（TBARS） and volatility were determined to evaluate the fermented silver carp induced by mixed starter cultures and salt content. The results showed that during the fermentation，lactic acid bacteria grow rapidly；pH of fermented fish quickly dropped to 4.23 within 48 h，and effectively inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus，Enterobacter and Pseudomonas as well as accumulation of TVBN and TBARS. 3％~5% salt content have no significant effect on microorganisms and fermented silver carp quality. The inoculation with mixed starter cultures can improve flavor and product safety of fermented fish.

Abstract:To study the effects of dietary acidolysis products of oxidized konjac glucomannan（OKGM） on intestinal microflora of Schizothorax prenanti. A total of three hundred and sixty healthy fishes with average body weight of 81±2.64 g were randomly divided into 4 groups with 3 replicates and 30 fishes per replicate. The 4 groups were control group（basal diet）、LOKGM-0.8% group（basal diet + 0.8% LOKGM）、LOKGM-1.6% group（basal diet + 1.6% LOKGM）、LOKGM- 3.2% group（basal diet + 3.2% LOKGM），respectively. The experiment lasted for 75 d（15 d for adaptation and 60 d for test）. Diversity of posterior gut microflora was determined based on V3 variable regions of bacteria 16S rDNA by using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis（DGGE） technique. The number of Aeromonas hydrophila and Bacillus in the intestinal was quantified by real-time quantitative PCR. The results showed as follows：compared with the control group，the diversity of posterior intestinal microflora was significantly increased in the LOKGM-1.6% and LOKGM-3.2% group（P<0.05），but the diversity of posterior intestinal microflora was not affected in the LOKGM-0.8% group（P>0.05）；the number of Aeromonas hydrophila in anterior and middle intestinal of Schizothorax prenanti was significantly decreased in the LOKGM-0.8% group（P<0.05），also the number of Bacillus in anterior intestinal was significantly increased（P<0.05）；the number of Aeromonas hydrophila in anterior，middle and posterior intestinal was all significantly decreased in LOKGM-1.6% group（P<0.05） and the number of Bacillus in middle and posterior intestinal was significantly increased（P<0.05）；the number of Aeromonas hydrophila in anterior and posterior intestinal was significantly decreased in LOKGM-3.2% group（P<0.05），besides，the number of Bacillus in anterior and middle intestinal was significantly increased（P<0.05）. In conclusion，acidolysis products of oxidized konjac glucomannan can improve the configuration of posterior intestinal microflora of Schizothorax prenanti and keep the fish healthy.