Abstract:Induction of cancer cell differentiation has been one of the means of effective cancer treatment research. All-trans retinoic acid induced differentiation of acute promyelocytic leukemia treatment achieved good results，so the induction of differentiation to attract more and more scholars' attention. Medicinal plants not only has medicinal value，but also have some food value and economic value. At present，attach importance to the development of the use of medicinal plants and more and more of the differentiation-inducing medicinal plant which because side effects，low toxicity are more widely used in the treatment of tumor cells in the study. This paper reviews the status of medicinal plants' active ingredient in tumor cell differentiation therapy research in the field and its related mechanism of action.

Abstract:A batch experiment for hydrogen generation from apple waste and excess sludge by anaerobic digestion was conducted at the mesophilic temperature of 37 ℃ and with the initial pH of 8.0. Results showed that hydrogen yield was 11.5 mL/gVS and 8.6 mL/gVS with single-digestion of apple waste and excess sludge，respectively. The hydrogen yield of co-digestion group reached 16.9 mL/gVS，which was increased by 68.16% as compared with the calculated value of co-digestion group. The pH value of excess sludge group was the highest，while the SCOD of apple waste group was the highest.Values of pH and SCOD of co-digestion group were between those for two single-digestion groups due to the well-balanced nutrients of two organic wastes，and the strong buffer capacity of the reactor system. These indicated that co-digestion was not just the simple sum of the two organic matters，and there was a certain synergic effect in the co-digestion process，which made the hydrogen production efficiency of co-digestion group enhanced. In addition，the dehydrogenase activity of co-digestion group was significantly higher than that of apple waste group during the whole process. The dehydrogenase activity of co-digestion group maintained around 340 TFμg/（mL·h），with a maximum value of 384 TFμg/（mL·h）.

Abstract:In order to investigate the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes（ARGs） from contaminated aquatic products in aquatic products wholesale market，this study targeted three large-scale aquatic products wholesale markets as research object and collected mixed sewage ditch sediment in and around the three markets separately as test samples. With the help of PCR，this study detected five categories，（four kinds of sulfonamides，eight kinds of tetracyclines，six kinds of β-lactams，five kinds of chloramphenicol，and four kinds of streptomycin） ，in which there is a total of twenty seven kinds of ARGs. Moreover，PCR-DGGE technique was utilized to analyze the diversity of bacteria community in the sample. The results showed that seventeen kinds of ARGs were detected in aquatic products wholesale markets and they all contained multiple types of tetracyclines，sulfonamides，and streptomycin ARGs，which accounted for the conclusion that there was a great variety of ARGs types in aquatic products wholesale market and these three kinds of ARGs were major ones in aquatic products. Sample testing of sewage ditch sediment near the markets showed that ARGs in surrounding place was slightly lower than ARGs in markets，indicating that the occurrence of ARGs in markets would pollute surrounding environment by sewage discharge. Analysis of the results of DGGE profiles showed that though ARGs distributed in three aquaculture markets shared similarities，the distribution of bacterial types between three markets were great different，displaying that there was no direct relationship between the types of ARGs and bacterial types. This work noted that aquatic products wholesale market has became a important receiver of ARGs through the dissemination of ARGs from contaminated aquatic products，and this receiver would not only pollute surrounding environment by sewage discharge to some extent，particularly，resulting a huge risk to pollute aquatic products again，hence needing more attention.

Abstract:With the development of living standard，the ice cream is becoming increasingly popular in people's daily life. Especially fruit ice cream with its low-fat，low-sugar and unique taste is loved by consumers. however，the characteristic of melting-resistance of fruit ice cream is poor，which has brought a lot of unnecessary losses and troubles to producers，sellers and consumers .Apple ice cream is the research object and the impacts of different kinds and adding amounts of oils，stabilizers and emulsifiers on the quality of apple ice cream were researched in this study. Carrageenan，guar gum and locust bean gum were chosen as the stabilizers，glyceryl monostearate and tripolycerol monostearate were chosen as the emulsifiers，the optimum melting-resistance formula of mixed stabilizers and emulsifiers gotten by orthogonal experiments was 0.016% carrageenan，0.10% guar gum，0.20% locust bean gum，0.15% glyceryl monostearate and 0.05% tripolycerol monostearate. Apple ice cream produced by this formula has a better characteristic of melting-resistance，fine texture and refreshing taste.

Abstract:Inhibitory activities of soyasaponin I，II and their aglycone for aflatoxin B1（AFB1） and benzo[a]pyrene（B[a]P）-induced mutagenicity were investigated. In the Ames assay，Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100 were selected for frameshift and base substitution mutations，respectively. Three compounds showed remarkable protection against AFB1 and B[a]P-induced mutations，with the exception that at the low concentration of 0.3 mg/plate soyasaponins I and II did not significantly inhibit the frameshift mutation. Three compounds also effectively protected against the formation of AFB1-DNA adduct in HepG2 cells and B[a]P-DNA adduct in BEAS-2B cells，with

Abstract:Based on comparison and analysis of primary and three-dimensional（3-D） structures of glycoside hydrolase family 5（GHF5） β-mannanases，an amino acid at the key site of Aspergillususamii GHF5 β-mannanase（AuMan5A） was subjected to site-directed mutagenesis to obtain a mutant enzyme AuMan5AG320D with superior enzymatic properties. Using the megaprimer PCR method，the AuMan5AG320D-encoding gene，Auman5AG320D，was constructed by mutating the Gly320-encoding codon GGT of Auman5A into Asp320-encoding GAC. Then，two genes，Auman5A and Auman5AG320D，were extracellularly expressed in Pichia pastoris GS115 and the enzymatic properties of expressed products were analyzed. Results indicated that the optimal temperature of AuMan5AG320D was 70 ℃ and and its half-life at 70 ℃（t1/270） was 25 min. The specific activity of AuMan5AG320D was increased from 351.2 U/mg to 1 729.1 U/mg and its catalytic efficiency（kcat/Km） was 9.3 times higher than that of AuMna5A. Through mutating Gly320 into Asp320，this work not only improved the temperature characteristics of AuMan5A，but also significantly enhanced its specific activity and catalytic efficiency.

Abstract:The key factors influencing malt lipoxygenase（LOX） during saccharification period were studied，such as protein rest temperature，pH value，grinding degree，LOX activity of malt for reducing the content of trans-2-nonenal and aging precursor nonenal potential of wort and beer. The optimum process parameters were confirmed：protein rest temperature was 55~60 ℃，mash pH was 5.5，EBC grinder distance was 0.5 mm，LOX activity was as low as possible. Experimental results of large-scale production showed that when protein rest temperature was 55 ℃，and malt with lower LOX activity was used，the content of trans-2-nonenal and nonenal potential declined 6.7%~25.0% and 9.2%~20.3% respectively. Beer freshness score increased 4.2%~16.1%.

Abstract:To compare the differences of sensory quality and chemicalcompositionsbetween native and solid-state fermented Docynia indica tea by Eurotium cristatum in this paper. After a 7-day fermentation，the soup of fermented tea was bright orange-yellow，and tasted mellow sweet with a unique smell. Furthermore，there were some quality differences between two teas proved by electronic tongue. The content and composition of amino acids amino acids were determined by automatic amino analyzer and chemicalcompositionswere determined by High Performance Liquid Chromatograph（HPLC）. The results indicated that the content of total amino acids decreased，while the content of flavor amino acids and essential amino acids increased. The HPLC fingerprints showed that the chemicalcompositions had changed obviously. Phlorizin，which is the main chemicalcompositions of Docynia indica tea，had reduced from 251.87 mg/g to 198.25 mg/g. As the phlorizin'sdegradation product，phloretin increased significantly from 2.4943 mg/g to 19.619 mg/g at the same time. Accordingly，it proved that the fermentation can improve the sensory quality and change the chemical compositions of Docynia indica tea，which indicate the fermented Docynia indica tea hasa greater value of development and application.

Abstract:Diameter of inhibition zones（DIZ），MIC & MBC detection via filter paper disk and Resazurin method were investigated on essential oil from the the Rubia Cordifolia L.（REO） to provide a scientific basis for the antibacterial activity of REO. In addition，change on growth curve，conductivity and cell surface ultra-microstructure of the tested bacteria treated with REO were also studied to explore the antimicrobial mechanism. The results of DIZ，MIC & MBC showed that REO was more sensitive to G+（Staphylococcus albus） and G-（Shigella dysenteriae） than G+（Bacillus subtilis） and G-（Escherichia coli）. The results of growth curve，membrane permeability and cell ultrastructure of tested bacteria showed that antibacterial mechanism may due to inhibition split speed of bacterial exponential phase and leading to the increase inpermeability of cell membranes.

Abstract:In order to investigate the effect of high pressure combined with moderate temperature on the activity and allergenicity of pineapple juice，after treated by different pressures and temperatures，the proteolytic activity，fibrinolytic activity and allergenicity change of fresh squeezed pineapple juices were detected. The results showed that the effect of temperature on proteolytic activities were weaken and not significant under high pressure. The fibrinolytic activities increased under 400 MPa treatment combined with different temperatures，while decreased under 500 MPa treatment combined with a series of temperatures. Allergenicity decreased with the increase of pressure and temperature，and fell to 51.39% at 500 MPa and 50 ℃. Therefore，the effect of high pressure combined with moderate temperature on proteolytic activity，fibrinolytic activity and allergenicity was different. Preserving activity and reducing allergenicity of pineapple juice could be achieved simultaneously with the selection of appropriate temperature and pressure.

Abstract:To enhance the thermotolerance of AoXyn11A，a glycoside hydrolase family（GHF） 11 mesophilic xylanase from Aspergillus oryzae，its N-terminal region was substituted with the corresponding one of the same family thermostable xylanase pXYL11 from Thermobifida fusca NTU22. Based on the rational design of xylanase thermotolerance，an ATX11A-encoding gene（ATx11A） was constructed by replacing the 5′-end DNA fragment of AoXyn11A gene（Aoxyn11A） with the corresponding one of the synthesized pXYL11 gene（xyn11PM） using the megaprimer PCR technique. Aoxyn11A and ATx11A were expressed in Pichia pastoris GS115，respectively，and the temperature characteristics of the expressed recombinant products，AoXyn11A and ATX11A，were analyzed. The results indicated that the temperature optimum（Topt） of hybrid xylanase ATX11A was 65 ℃，which was 15 ℃ higher than that of AoXyn11A. Its half-life at 60 ℃（t1/260） was 55 min，which was 41.3-fold longer than that of AoXyn11A. When incubated at 55 ℃，ATX11A retained more than 60% of its original activity for 3 h，while AoXyn11A entirely lost its activity only for 15 min. In this work，the temperature characteristics of AoXyn11A were significantly improved by N-terminus replacement.

Abstract:This research studies the effect of instant high-temperature fluidization on the content of free phenolic and antioxidant activity of corn，and optimizes the conditions of that process. The results show that the fluidizing temperature has the most important effect on antioxidant activity of corn，followed by the fluidizing time and feeding rate，correspondingly，their optimum conditions are 160 ℃，60 s and 21 kg/h，respectively. The content of free phenolic in corn produced as the optimum conditions is 345.88 mg GAE/hg which increases by 27% compared with that of raw corn（P<0.05），and the antioxidant activity of such corn is 8 104.09 μmol TE/hg，which is 1.5 times of that of raw corn（P<0.05）. After corn experiences the instant high-temperature fluidization process，the content of free ferulic acid and free p-coumaric acid of it significantly increases（P<0.05），while the content of bound ferulic acid and bound p-coumaric acid decreases significantly（P<0.05）. This instant high-temperature fluidization can significantly improve the content of free phenolic and antioxidant activity of corn，which is beneficial to strengthen the bioactivity and quality of corn.

Abstract:In order to improve the quality of liquid-state fermented vinegar，based on the traditional techniques，bran leachate was added into fermentation system，and Acetobacter pasteurianus isolated from the normal grains of Sichuan bran vinegar was inoculated. The significant factors which influence acetic acid fermentation were confirmed by single factor experiment，then the fermentation process was optimized by response surface methodology designed by Box-Behnken principle. The optimum fermentation conditions were as follows：the addition quantity of bran koji was 1.11%，the inocula biomass acetic acid bacteria was 13.71%，fermentation temperature was 31.5 ℃. Under these conditions，the acid production reached 68.48 g/L. Using liquid vinegar obtained from one factory at Sichuan as a control，the quality of liquid-state fermented bran vinegar was estimated with sensory evaluation，volatile constituents and free amino acid indexes. The results showed that the liquid-state fermented bran vinegar possessed pure taste and unique aroma. 20 volatile components and 17 free amino acids were identified in the liquid-state fermented bran vinegar. The total content of free amino acids was 805.29 mg/dL. Quality of liquid-state fermented bran vinegar was significantly improved.

Abstract:An E. coli expression strain Rosetta（pET-28a-MBSP） of myofibril-bound serine proteinase（MBSP） from crucian carp（Carassius auratus） was constructed. The recombinant MBSP（rMBSP） was expressed and purified in order to prepare its polyclonal antibody，which would lay a foundation for further studies on the MBSP. The MBSP gene was transformed into Rosetta by sub-cloning it into pET-28a vector to construct the strain Rosetta（pET-28a-MBSP）. The recombinant strain was induced to express MBSP by lactose. The recombinant protein was purified by Ni-NTA agarose affinity column chromatography，MALDI-TOF-MS identification，and then use as the antigen to immune the rabbits to prepare polyclonal antibody. Antibody titer was assayed by ELISA and specificity was detected by western blot. SDS-PAGE，western blot and MALDI-TOF-MS analysis showed that the recombinant protein was the recombinant MBSP（rMBSP） with molecular weight of approximately 28×103，which was similar to native MBSP from the skeletal muscle of crucian carp. And the rMBSP was expressed in prokaryotic expression system in mainly inclusion body. The serum with a high titer and specificity was obtained from immunized rabbit. The recombinant MBSP was expressed and purified successfully. The MBSP's polyclonal antibody with a high titer and specificity was obtained by immunization using the purified MBSP.

Abstract:To study content changes of free amino acids and reducing sugars of Maillard reaction during processing of fructus corni，UPLC/MS/MS was adopted to detect the contents of free amino acids. Chromatographic column of MS Lab HP-C18 was used for analysis，with water-acetonitrile as gradient elution mobile phase，and flow rate at 0.8 mL/min. DNS method was used in determination of reducing sugars. Totally 15 kinds of free amino acids were detected in fructus corni. The content of free amino acids reduced gradually with processing time. While the content of reducing sugars changed differently from those of free amino acids，which reduced gradually in 0~24 h，increased slightly in 24~36 h and then became to be stable. The content changes of free amino acids and reducing sugars have close relationship with Maillard reaction during processing of fructus corni. The time of Maillard reaction for fructus corni to reach its equilibrium is in accordance with that of traditional processing，which provides a scientific base for determining processing end.

Abstract:To study the effects of Synephrine from citrus peel on weight losing of nutritional pinelosis rats. Synephrine was extracted from Citrus peel and then purified and the model of diet-induced obese rats were prepared. Drugs were administered intragastrically to obese rats for 4 weeks. Then the changes in body weight，body fat，blood lipids should be observed. The high and the medium dose group of Synephrine can significantly reduce the weight of obese rats，the Lee's index and the weight of fat that around the kidney and testis（P<0.05）；The Liver and kidney coefficients of obese rats in high，medium and low dose group of Synephrine all significantly become lower（P<0.05）；The content of the low density lipoprotein cholesterol（LDL-C），total cholesterol（TC） and serum triglyceride（TG） of obese rats in high dose group of Synephrine is lower than the content that in the high lipid group（P<0.05）；While compared with the high lipid group，the content of the high density lipoprotein cholesterol（HDL-C） of obese rats in high dose group of Synephrine is higher（P<0.01）. Synephrine from citrus peel has significant effect on weight losing of nutritional pinelosis rats.