Abstract:Crack inevitably happens in some agricultural and livestock products during the producing and processing. In some cases，it is needed in producing and processing nuts，whereas it should be avoided in storing and processing egg and grain as far as possible. Therefore，it is of great significance to distinguish crack and sort out the products with crack in the producing and processing. The research status of crack identification on the part of agricultural and livestock products as well as identifying characteristics by using machine vision and acoustic vibration are clarified at home and abroad in this review. The identification rates of the agricultural and livestock products crack would be improved by combining two methods together through the analysis of the research status.

Abstract:The bile salt hydrolase gene from Bifidobacteriuminfantis KL412 was expressed using Escherichia coli to increase the expression level and study the enzymatic properties of the recombinant bile salt hydrolase. The bile salt hydrolase gene was first amplified by PCR and cloned into the expression vector pET-22b（+）. The recombinant plasmid pET-22b（+）-bsh was the transformed to E. coli BL21 （DE3）. The optimized activity to glycodeoxycholic acid（GDCA） and taurine sodium deoxycholate（TDCA） of the recombinant bile salt hydrolase could reach to 135.2 U/mL and 121.3 U/mL at 20 ℃ for 32 h with 1 mM IPTG. The molecular weight of bile salt hydrolase was 35.0×103 analyzed by SDS-PAGE after purification through Ni-chelating affinity chromatography. The investigation on enzymatic properties showed that the recombinant bile salt hydrolase had a preference to glycine bile salts and a highest activity was achieved at 220.1 U/mg to sodium glycocholate（GCA）. This study provided a reference for the expression of bile salt hydrolase from different sources in genetically engineered bacteria and the further study of the structure and catalytic mechanism of bile salt hydrolase.

Abstract:The bile salt hydrolase gene from Bifidobacteriuminfantis KL412 was expressed using Escherichia coli to increase the expression level and study the enzymatic properties of the recombinant bile salt hydrolase. The bile salt hydrolase gene was first amplified by PCR and cloned into the expression vector pET-22b（+）. The recombinant plasmid pET-22b（+）-bsh was the transformed to E. coli BL21 （DE3）. The optimized activity to glycodeoxycholic acid（GDCA） and taurine sodium deoxycholate（TDCA） of the recombinant bile salt hydrolase could reach to 135.2 U/mL and 121.3 U/mL at 20 ℃ for 32 h with 1 mM IPTG. The molecular weight of bile salt hydrolase was 35.0×103 analyzed by SDS-PAGE after purification through Ni-chelating affinity chromatography. The investigation on enzymatic properties showed that the recombinant bile salt hydrolase had a preference to glycine bile salts and a highest activity was achieved at 220.1 U/mg to sodium glycocholate（GCA）. This study provided a reference for the expression of bile salt hydrolase from different sources in genetically engineered bacteria and the further study of the structure and catalytic mechanism of bile salt hydrolase.

Abstract:The bioconversion of dehydroepiandrosterone（DHEA） to 3β，7α，15α-trihydroxy-5- androsten-17-one by Colletotrichum lini ST-1 resting cells was investigated. The optimal transformation parameters in flasks were cell concentration 12 g/L，pH 6.5，liquid volume 30 mL/250 mL，rotational speed 220 r/min and temperature 30 ℃，which resulted in a molar product yield of 38.5% for 7α，15α-diOH-DHEA that was 20.1% higher than that from growing cells. Based on these conditions，two-batch bioconversion for 78 h with resting cells at a total substrate concentration of 18 g/L resulted in a concentration of 12.1 g/L and a molar product yield of 60.5% for 7α，15α- diOH-DHEA.

Abstract:Hami melon is famous with its unique flavor and rich nutrition. However，it is easily spoilt due to infected by Penicillium. The changes of transcriptome levels before and after infected by Penicillium in Hami melon were investigated by illumina paired-end sequencing. The results showed that the filtrated clean reads contained 4 947 555 420 nt nucleotides，further assembling the Clean Reads led to the product of 50 502 unigenes. A total of 71.28% unigenes were found in NR database using BLASTX comparison with an E-value cut-off of 1e-5，whereas 10 526 unigenes were still found to no significant matches to any known protein in NR，NT and Swiss-Prot database. These may be the specific genes leading to the difference between Hami melon and other species and need to be further verified. The unigene metabolic pathway analysis was conducted on the 39 976 unigenes through comparing to KEGG database and 128 metabolic pathways were mapped. Transcriptional analysis will greatly improve the understanding of postharvest physiology characteristics of Hami melon at the molecular level. It will provide a practical and effective model for the future research，such as exploring the expression and regulation of important genes related to Penicillium pathogen resistance.

Abstract:Hami melon is famous with its unique flavor and rich nutrition. However，it is easily spoilt due to infected by Penicillium. The changes of transcriptome levels before and after infected by Penicillium in Hami melon were investigated by illumina paired-end sequencing. The results showed that the filtrated clean reads contained 4 947 555 420 nt nucleotides，further assembling the Clean Reads led to the product of 50 502 unigenes. A total of 71.28% unigenes were found in NR database using BLASTX comparison with an E-value cut-off of 1e-5，whereas 10 526 unigenes were still found to no significant matches to any known protein in NR，NT and Swiss-Prot database. These may be the specific genes leading to the difference between Hami melon and other species and need to be further verified. The unigene metabolic pathway analysis was conducted on the 39 976 unigenes through comparing to KEGG database and 128 metabolic pathways were mapped. Transcriptional analysis will greatly improve the understanding of postharvest physiology characteristics of Hami melon at the molecular level. It will provide a practical and effective model for the future research，such as exploring the expression and regulation of important genes related to Penicillium pathogen resistance.

Abstract:Effects of coatings containing 1% or 0.5% chitosan（Ch），10% or 5% aqueous extract of ginger and Perilla frutescens（Perilla frutescens（L.） Britt.）（Gp） and their composite solutions（Mix1：1% Ch + 10% Gp，Mix2：0.5% Ch + 5% Gp） on quality and shelf life of roasted rabbit legs were evaluated. Results showed that Ch and/or Gp treatments retarded the increase of pH，total volatile basic nitrogen，peroxide value，2-thiobarbituric acid and total bacterial counts in legs stored at 4 ℃ during 16 days. Ch treatments had stronger antibacterial activities but weaker antioxidant effects than Gp. Synergistic actions for composite treatments were observed but the high concentration of composite solution Mix1 had adverse effect on odor and overall acceptance. Considering the comprehensive effects of antioxidation，antibacteria and sensory quality，Mix2，the diluted solution of Mix1，could thus be a natural promising preservative for the roasted rabbit legs，which could extend the shelf life to 16 days.

Abstract:The study aimed to compare the chemical compositions of fruiting body，mycelium and spore powder of Ganoderma lingzhi. Contents of proteins，amino acids，glucose，sugar alcohols，nucleosides and triterpenes were determined，and the HPLC fingerprints of triterpenes were analyzed by similarity. Results indicated that spore powder had the highest protein content of 11.1 % and mycelium possessed the lowest of 7.1 %. Ganoderma lingzhi triterpenoids occurred in fruit body with the highest content and diverse varieties but with low content and less varieties in mycelium and were hardly detected in unbroken spore powder. The content of arabitol was higher than those of other sugar alchols in mycelium，whereas in unbroken spore powder and fruit body mannitol contents were relatively higher. Varieties and contents of nucleosides also differed in three samples. The study demonstrated the difference of chemical components in three portions of Ganoderma lingzhi and indicated that they should be distinguished when applied in health care products.

Abstract:This study aimed to explore effects of royal jellies having different harvesting time on the immunity of mice. Results showed that no significant effects（P>0.05） on the ratios of organ/body weight of Balb/c mice were observed with three doses（9 000，3 000 and 1 000 mg/kg） of 48 h or 72 h royal jellies. In the delayed type hypersensitivity experiment，feeding the highest dose of 48 h or three doses of 72 h royal jellies daily by oral gavage for 30 days to mice induced by dinitrofluorobenzene resulted in remarkable effects（P <0.05） on the weight differences of ear slices. For the carbon clearance ability experiment，the clearance index and phagocytic index of mice fed with the highest dose of 48 h，the medium or highest doses of 72 h royal jellies daily by oral gavage for 45 days and then injected with ink from the eye canthi were statistically significant（P<0.05） compared to those of the control group. Therefore，both 48 h and 72 h royal jellies could enhance the immunity of mice with the latter being superior to the former.

Abstract:The optimal preparation for cyclized styrene-butadiene copolymer（SBS） was investigated using an orthogonal array design with the oxygen scavenging properties as dependent variables and the effects of storage time，temperature and humidity were evaluated. The optimal preparation parameters were 20% of SBS，0.2% of toluene sulfonic acid，reaction temperature 75 ℃ and reaction time 3 h，which resulted in an oxygen scavenging ability of 40.5 mL/g and a scavenging rate of 0.129 mL /（g·cm2·d）. Besides，the oxygen scavenging properties of cyclized SBS oxygen scavenging blends decreased with increased storage time and temperature whereas humidity had no significant effect.

Abstract:The gut microbial diversity of young people living in rural and urban Wuxi was studied by the combination of polymerase chain reaction（PCR） and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis（DGGE）. Based on the DGGE profile，the similarity of volunteers was performed by analysis of clustering and PCA. On the other hand，the diversity was evaluated by the Shannon-Weine index，richness and eveness. The composition of gut microbiota was further characterized by sequencing of the common and special bands of the lanes in DGGE profile. Based on the PCR，the diversity of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species in the gut of rural and urban volunteers was analyzed. The results showed that the structure of gut microbiota between rural and urban residents of Wuxi appeared a separated tendency，and the similarity of intestinal flora between them was lower than that of urban or rural residents alone. Furthermore，the diversity between them were not significantly different. The genus of Acinetobacter，Bifidobacterium，Staphylococcus，Lactobacillus，Clostridium and Ruminococcus were the common bacteria in the gut of young urban and rural residents. All kinds of bacteria of Lactobacillus（L.） and Bifidobacterium（B.） in the gut were not significantly different in rural and urban residents. And the species of L. plantarum，L. casei，L. salivarius，L. acidophilus，B. longum，B. breve，B. animalis and B. adolescentis were the predominant Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium bacteria，respectively. On the base of the above comprehensive analysis，it can be preliminarily draw a conclusion that the diversity of gut microbiota was not significantly different between the young residents from rural and urban Wuxi.

Abstract:In order to investigate the immunomodulatory effects of a polysaccharide from Dictyophora indusiata （DI） on the immune function of RAW264.7 cells，the effects of DI on cell proliferation，phagocytosis of RAW264.7 cells，levels of NO，IL-1，IL-6 and TNF-α production were detected by MTT assay，neutral red test，Griess method，and ELISA，respectively. The mRNA expression level of iNOS，IL-1，IL-6 and TNF-α were also measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR）. The results indicated that DI contributed significantly to the proliferation of the macrophages and the phagocytic activity was at 25~200 μg/mL. In addition，the production of NO，IL-1，IL-6 and TNF-α in macrophages were increased. Further，the expression of iNOS，IL-1，IL-6 and TNF-α mRNA were significantly up-regulated. The DI played immunomodulatory effects on macrophage cell line RAW264.7.

Abstract:To obtain the optimal hydrolysis condition of egg white by Neutrase enzyme，forty 2-month male mice were divided into 4 groups，control group，egg white protein group，N-6h group and N-3h group，respectively. The mice were injected with 0.3mL egg white peptide by gavage. The serum biochemical indexes and liver anti-oxidase vitality were measured after four weeks. The results showed that the optimal hydrolysis technology of were as follows，temperature at 55 ℃，pH 6.0，5 % of enzyme dosage and concentration of egg white for 1∶5. Under this condition，the residual rate and hydrolyzing degree of protein were 24.28 %and 3.71%，respectively. The molecular weight of hydrolysate were mainly less than 1 000，the percentage of 180~300，300~500 and 500~1000 were 28.03%，41.84% and 23.69%，respectively. The serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase，glucose ，total cholesterol content of mice and the liver MDA content in N-6h group were lower and the liver T-SOD and GSH-PX vitality of mice in N-3h group were higher as compared to the control group（P<0.05）.In conclusion，the hydrolysate of egg white could improve physiological function of mice，and the effect of 3h enzymolysis product was better.

Abstract:With clarity and chroma as assessment indicators，the processing technology for clarification and stabilization of strawberry wine was studied through clarifying agent screening and cold treatment in this study. Results showed that strawberry wine reached a high clarity after clarified with casein or chitosan，whereas its chroma was also greatly affected. Bentonite made strawberry wine reach a certain clarity with a little effect on chroma. Strawberry wine obtained a long-term high clarity after clarified with chitosan or bentonite followed by cold treatments. Bentonite showed less effects on chroma of strawberry wine compared with chitosan. Therefore，clarified with bentonite of 600 mg/L and combined with cold treatments could be as an optimal method for clarification and stabilization of strawberry wine.

Abstract:Effects of pulverizing time and extraction solvents on yields and structural characteristics of cell wall polysaccharides from Hericium erinaceus residue were studied. Results showed that the yields of water-soluble cell wall polysaccharides increased but the polysaccharide contents decreased with the prolonged pulverizing time. The pulverizing time also had significant effects on the molecular distribution pattern and the monosaccharide composition of polysaccharides，and the optimal time was 15 min. The increase of NaOH concentration raised the yields and contents but reduced the immune activities of alkali-soluble cell wall polysaccharides，and the optimal NaOH concentration was 0.5 mol/L. Both water- and alkaline-soluble polysaccharides significantly stimulated murine macrophages to release NO，indicating a potent immune activity in vitro. But the molecular weights of water-soluble cell wall polysaccharides were much larger than those of alkali-soluble ones. The later contained glucose only，while the former also contained a certain amount of galactose and the ratio of glucose to galactose was approximately 4∶1. This study established a method to obtain cell wall polysaccharide from Hericium erinaceus，and elucidated the structural difference between water- and alkali-soluble cell wall polysaccharides.

Abstract:To investigate the effect of dehydration degree （non-dehydration，75%、70%、65%、60%） on the quality of fried catfish， color，texture，oil content，peroxide value，thiobarbituric acid （TBA） and the acid value were measured in this study. The results showed that TBA was increased with the increasing degree of dehydration and decreasing water content，while the peroxide value was increased at first and then decreased，which indicated higher lipid oxidation. However，oil content showed the same level as the water content. Sensory analysis showed that moderate dehydration could improve the color of fried catfish and increase hardness and chewiness of the flesh.

Abstract:The glutamine synthetase encoded gene of Corynebacterium glutamicum was cloned and mutated on polyadenylation sites，followed by heterogeneous expression in E. coli with high enzyme activity of 6.215 U/mg. The recombinant mutant enzyme（GS'） was purified，and LX1000-EP resin was employed as the immobilization carrier. The results showed that the optimal conditions for immobilization were in the following：0.176 g carriers/1 U enzyme，pH 8.0，25 ℃ and 16 h. Under the above conditions the highest bioactivity （3.658 U/g） of immobilized GS' was achieved with high active recovery rate of 67.17%. Compared with free enzyme，the immobilized GS has the same optimal temperature and stability，however the optimal pH was slightly increased. The immobilized GS has the same conversion rate of 92.83% when 50 mmol/L glutamate was added in the bioconversion system. This work is useful for further large-scale bioproduction of glutamine.

Abstract:To evaluate the pharmacokinetics of bisdemethoxycurcumin（CurIII） and curcumin （CurI） in SD rats by oral administration. Twelve male rats were random divided into two groups and were orally administrated of CurIII and CurI suspension，the blood samples were collected and of CurIII and monomer CurI concentration in blood was determined by HPLC. The data were processed by DAS 2.1.1 software to calculate the pharmacokinetic parameters. The pharmacokinetic parameter of CurIII and monomer CurI were calculated as follows：Tmax 0.75 and 0.25 h，Cmax（62.90±2.64） μg/L and （61.64±4.30） μg/L，AUC0~72 h（281.75±3.61） μg/（h·L） and （171.79±32.18） μg/（h·L），AUC0~∞（291.31±15.15） μg/（h·L） and （190.46±43.81） μg/（h·L），respectively. Compared with monomer CurI，CurIII has better bioavailability.