Abstract:Ferric chloride is widely used in the wastewater treatment. The mechanism study on the flocculating of ferric chloride and the recent progress were discussed in this paper. Four typical mechanisms were illustrated including charge neutralization，adsorption bridging，sweep flocculation and compressing thickness of electric double layer. The current research progress was reviewed and intensive study was suggested on floc structure，conformation，zeta potential and the synergistic effect of ferric chloride.

Abstract:Ethyl carbamate （EC） is a carcinogen which is widely found in alcoholic beverages. The changes of EC and its precursors in the solid-state fermentation process were explored to illustrate the effects of various sorghum cultivars on EC formation，which could provide a theoretical foundation to decrease the content of EC in Chinese liquor. The results showed that the final EC yield in waxy sorghum （S3） was 4.27 mg/kg and higher than that in non-waxy sorghum，which were 4.06 mg/kg for S1 and 4.21 mg/kg for S2，respectively. Moreover，the average accumulation rate of EC in S3 was 0.39 mg/kg/d which was 1.6 times as high as that in S1 （0.22 mg/kg/d） and S2 （0.24 mg/kg/d）. Citrulline and urea were found to be two major precursors of EC in the solid-state fermentation process，where citrulline mainly contributed to EC formation in S1 and S2，while urea gave more contribution in S3. In addition，cyanide was not involved in EC formation during the solid-state fermentation. This study indicated that the effects of different sorghum cultivars on EC formation were significantly different. The control of EC precursors by choosing appropriate sorghum cultivars could effectively reduce the final EC yield in Chinese liquor.

Abstract:Autotrophic and heterotrophic growth and the effect of nitric nitrogen，temperature on Heamatococcus lacustris were investigated. The microalgae grew better in heterotrophic mode. In autotrophic and heterotrophic the biomass were 0.687 g/L and 3.319 g/L respectively ，the astaxathin content were 2.264% and 3.199%，respectively. In heterotrophic，the optimum growth concentration of sodium acetate was 1.5 g/L，nitric nitrogen was 0.5 g/L，growth temperature was 22 ℃，the suitable stress temperature was 30 ℃.

Abstract:This study was focus on the effect of lipid on the protein solubility of milk protein concentrate，which lacks of intensive study now. A model system was established using fatty acid methyl ester with different melting points including methyl laurate and methyl myristate. The spray dried milk powder prepared with various lipids was storage at 45 ℃（RH 23%） for 30 days and at 35 ℃（RH 11%） for 30 days，respectively. The changes in the powder solubility under different conditions were studied and the mechanism of solubility decrease was explored. The effect of lipid on protein solubility was insignificant. The most prominent determinant for solubility decrease was related neither to lipid oxidation nor to protein oxidation. The interaction between caseins caused insoluble aggregates formation during storage，which decreased the protein solubility. The main driving forces for protein aggregation were in the prefer orders of hydrogen bond > disulfide bond > hydrophobic interaction.

Abstract:The stability of allicin in an aqueous solution is extremely important for the processing of garlic products. In this paper，the effects of temperature，concentration and pH value on the stability of allicin were investigated. Results show that the higher the temperature and concentration，the lower the stability of allicin in the aqueous solution. When temperature was relatively low or allicin concentration was high，decomposition products of allicin tended to be ring compounds such as 3-vinyl 1，2-disulfide cyclohex-4-ene and 3-vinyl 1，2- disulfide cyclohex-5-ene；conversely，the products primarily contained straight-chain compounds such as diallyl disulfide. The stronger the solution acidity was，the more stable allicin became. For this phenomenon，hydrogen bonding interaction of allicin with deuterated acetic acid was characterized by NMR. Theoretical calculations found that the main bond length between O（13） and H（5） of allicin obviously elongated and the molecular energy decreased in the protonated acid solution，which revealed the mechanism for the higher stability of allicin in an acidic solvent.

Abstract:The hydrolytic conditions of konjac powder were optimized for glucomannan- oligosaccharides（GMOS） by recombinant β-mannanase produced from Pichia pastoris GS115/Auman26A. The condition was optimized using the single factor test with the hydrolysis rate of substrate as the index. The optimized enzymatic condition was determined to use 60 U enzyme per gram konjac powder and 30 g/L konjac powder at 40 ℃ for 5 h enzymolysis．The hydrolysis rate of konjac powder and reducing sugar concentration were 53.3% and 10.45 mg/mL，respectively. The enzymatic hydrolysate after ultrafiltration was detected by high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）. The hydrolysate was mainly composed by glucomannan-oligosaccharides，including 9.83% reducing monosaccharide and 90.17% glucomannan-oligosaccharides. This research can greatly improve the added value of konjac powder and lay the research foundation for further refining and functionalization of GMOS.

Abstract:Ferric chloride is widely used in the wastewater treatment. The mechanism study on the flocculating of ferric chloride and the recent progress were discussed in this paper. Four typical mechanisms were illustrated including charge neutralization，adsorption bridging，sweep flocculation and compressing thickness of electric double layer. The current research progress was reviewed and intensive study was suggested on floc structure，conformation，zeta potential and the synergistic effect of ferric chloride.

Abstract:The adsorption of caseins from sodium caseinate（SC） and whey proteins from whey protein isolate（WPI） onto particles of nanotricalcium phosphate hydrate（TCP） was studied. Zeta-potential measurements involved that both SC and WPI bound to TCP，resulting in an increase in the absolute value of the zeta-potential of the particles. This adsorption improved the suspension stability of the TCP particles in water. WPI has stronger ability of improvement in suspension，and SC is easier that absorbed on TCP particles. For WPI，there was a preference in the protein adsorption：β-lactoglobulin>α-lactalbumin. Possible mechanisms showed the interaction between milk proteins and TCP are discussed. It is related to the structure and the surface properties of SC，WPI and TCP particles.

Abstract:The human proinsulin gene（PI） was cloned by PCR using specific primers designed according to the PI gene sequcence in NCBI and codon in Escherichia coli. The expression plasmid pET32-PI was constructed to express fusion protein of PI in E. coli BL21（DE3）. The recombinant PI protein in E. coli exhibited the best expression at an optimized condition of 30 ℃ and 0.6 mmol/L Isopropyl β-D-Thiogalactoside（IPTG）. The results of SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis indicated that the PI protein was successfully expressed at the same molecular weight as the known PI protein. After the Fed-batch fermentation and centrifugation，this protein was purified to homogeneity using the Ni-NTA affinity chromatography and ion exchange chromatography，respectively. Proinsulin was converted to mature insulin through the digestion of enterokinase and carboxypeptidase. The digested product was purified by Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. The enzyme activity of recombinant insulin was 92 μlU/mL and the product was proved to possess the activity of human insulin.

Abstract:The molecular weight and monosaccharide composition of intracellular polysaccharide from submerge-cultured Ganoderma lucidum（GLP） was investigated in this study，whose structure features was also thoroughly studied for the first time. This work could build a solid theoretical foundation for the further research on the biological activity and structure-activity relationship of GLP. The components of intracellular GLP were preliminary determined as glucose，galactose，mannose，arabinose and xylose with a molar ratio of 83.75∶4.76∶4.15∶2.04∶5.30 using monosaccharide composition analysis and spectrum analysis. The structure feature was confirmed with a backbone of 1，4-α-glucan and main terminal sugar residues of T-Glcp，and other branch residues containing galactose，mannose，xylose and arabinose by characterization of IR，GC-MS，HPAE-PAD and NMR，respectively.

Abstract:To evaluate different tigecyclin susceptibility testing methods for Acinetobacter baumannii. A total of 119 clinical A.baumannii isolates were collected and tigecycline susceptibilities were tested by the broth microdilution，agar dilution and disk diffusion. The results of three test methods were compared. The MIC50 and MIC90 values obtained by broth microdilution method were 0.5 μg/mL，1 μg/mL respectively，the（FDA/EUCAST breakpoint） susceptible rates were 100%（119/119）/95.0%（113/119），intermediate rates were 0.0%（0/119）/5.0%（6/119）and resistant rates were 0.0%（0/119）/0.0%（0/119）. The MIC50 and MIC90 values obtained by agar dilution method were 2 μg/mL，4 μg/mL respectively，the（FDA/EUCAST breakpoint） susceptible rates were 54.7%（65/119）/33.6%（40/119），intermediate rates were 33.6%（40/119）/21.0%（25/119）and resistant rates were 11.7%（14/119）/45.4%（54/119）.The disk diffusion method（FDA/EUCAST breakpoint）resistant rates were 4.2%（5/119）/36.2%（43/119），intermediate rates were 48.74%（58/119）/31.9%（38/119）and susceptible rates were 47.1%（56/119）/31.9%（38/119）. There were significant differences on susceptible rates among broth microdilution（BDM），agar dilution（ADM） and disk diffusion. As broth microdilution method was reference method，the total error rates of agar dilution method were 41.2%~60.5% and the total error rates of disk diffusion were 47.9%~63.9%.

Abstract:Among all β-carotene isomers，9-cis-β-carotene may be the most active one. The study first catalyzed the isomerization of β-carotene using the iodine doped Tio2 nano catalyst in an ethyl acetate system. HPLC-APCI-MS analysis showed the products contained 15-cis-，13-cis-，9，13-cis-，all-trans- and 9-cis-β-carotenes. On the basis of single factor and orthogonal experiments，the optimal parameters to produce 9-cis-β-carotene were determined to be reaction temperature 75 ℃，time 90 min，β-carotene concentration 1 mg/mL and catalyst dosage 1.2 mg/mg β-carotene，which resulted in a concentration of 25.02% for 9-cis-β-carotene and a concentration of 47.41% for all cis-isomers with a β-carotene degradation rate of 12.6%. Therefore，catalyzing the β-carotene isomerization with the iodine doped Tio2 nano catalyst was a simple and low cost method for the production of a high content of 9-cis-β-carotene.

Abstract:The stability change of 3α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase（3α-HSD） after chemical modification was studied. The purified 3α-HSD was obtained by a induced expression of constructed genetic engineering bacteria E.coli BL21（DE3）/ pET28a-hsd at first and then by an affinity purification using Ni2+-Sepharose column with 16.5% of protein yield，64.5% of recovery yield and 3.8 times of specific activity. The SDS-PAGE（15%，reducing conditions） analysis showed that 3α-HSD was composed of a single polypeptide of ~28 kDa. The chemical modification of 3α-HSD was done using phthalic anhydride（PA）. After modification，the pH stability of 3α-HSD increased within pH 6.0~pH 11.0 compared with the control group and its heat stability significantly increased after incubation at 50 ℃ for 10 min. When stored at 37 ℃ for 40 h，the storage stability of modified 3α-HSD was improved about 9-fold than that of native enzyme.

Abstract:The purpose of this research is to establish mathematical model between near infrared diffuse reflection（NIR） spectroscopy and soluble solids and total acidity in blueberry，and to evaluate its application value. The influence of different spectral preprocessing methods on the model was compared in the spectral region between 400~2500 nm. The results showed that the calibration model with the partial least squares（PLS），the first derivative D1lg（1/R） and weighted multiple scatter correction（WMSC） could provide better prediction performance for SSC，with the correlation coefficient of prediction（Rp2）of 0.8518 and the root mean square error of prediction（SEP） of 0.351 and relative percent deviation of prediction（RPD） of 2.05. The best model of total acidity is the modified partial least squares（MPLS） model，the second derivative D2lg（1/R） and WMSC，with the correlation coefficient of prediction（Rp2）of 0.8776 and the root mean square error of prediction（SEP） of 0.042and relative percent deviation of prediction（RPD） of 2.10. So the near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscope can be used for fast nondestructive measurement of soluble solids and total acidity in blueberry.

Abstract:The fermented extracts were prepared from discarded tobacco leaves using aerobic and anaerobic fermentation with high temperature and high moisture，followed by one-week aging after drying. The volatile components in the extracts were comparatively analyzed by headspace solid-phase micro-extraction（HS-SPME） associated with capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（GC-MS）. The concentrated extracts were coated on film base for smoking quality analysis. There were totally 52 volatile aroma components detected in the aerobic fermentation tobacco extracts with a concentration of 43.38 μg/mL，and for extracts from anaerobic fermentation，there were 51 kinds of 40.16 μg/mL. For the control sample without fermentation，there were 34 components with concentration of 23.61 μg/mL. The contents of acids，esters，ketones，aldehydes，heterocycles were increased at different levels after fermentation. The significant effect of aroma enhancement and impurities removal confirmed that the smoking quality could be improved by fermentation treatments.

Abstract:The study aimed to combine the citric acid soaking with puncture，vacuum pumping and sub-immersion to shorten the time for the removing of heavy metals from Acaudina molpadioides. Results showed that the combination of puncture and sub immersion resulted in a quick removal of heavy metals with removal rates of 88.71% and 90.69% for Pb and As and the contents of Pb，As，Cr and Cd meeting the limit requirements in GB 2762 at the immersion up to 12 h. The combination of vacuum and sub immersion could also quickly removed heavy metals and when the immersion time reached 12 h，the removal rates of Pb and As were 86.93% and 86.13%，respectively，and the contents of heavy metals were also within the limits.

Abstract:On the basis of the preparatory purification of brown pigment from hazelnut shells with macroporous resin，the further purification with D101 resin was studied through single-factor and orthogonal experiments. The optimal parameters were found to be sample concentration of 22 mg/mL，velocity of 1.5 mL/min，eluting ethanol of 80% and velocity of 2.5 mL/min，which resulted in an increase of color value of the pigment from 44 to 82.6. The high temperature and the solution pH affected the stability of obtained brown pigment but light had no effect；fetal ions Fe3+，Cu2+，Al3+ and Zn2+ decreased its stability but Na+，Mg2+，Ca2+ and K+ had no effects；it efficiently colored starchy foods，eggs and meet.

Abstract:A pyrroloquinoline quinone-producing strain YHT-1 was isolated from the soil using methanol as a single carbon source in the screening medium. Based on morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics, as well as 16S rRNA sequences, YHT-1 was classified as a novel strain of the genus Methyolpila. After the preliminary optimization of fermentation conditions, it could produce 113.6 mg/L PQQ in a 3 L fermenter after 4 days fermentation. Separation and purification of PQQ by the anion-exchange chromatography on DEAE Sepharose F.F., the crude crystal was identified as PQQ according to HPLC and UV spectral analyses.