Abstract:From the second half of the 20th century, the invention of the protein and nucleic acid sequence detection technologies has induced an information explosion of the structure and function of biological macromolecules and the rational design of macromolecular sequence. Consequentially, an empire has been built to construct the functional tertiary structure of bio-macromolecules. In the 21st century, the innovative design wisdom in DNA technology began to spring up benefited from the interdisciplinary integration. The genome of a simple life such as virus and mycoplasma has been successfully recombined. Genome chassis has been designed with the construction of artificial evolution platform. A novel gene editing technique, named CRISPR, has been used as a powerful tool for genomic rectification. The technique of DNA origami improved the precise self-assembly of 3D DNA nano-materials. Moreover, the 3D bioinformatics database system can be constructed using the principle of stereoscopic constitution combined with the design method based on user experience.

Abstract:This paper studied physiochemical properties of the water-soluble(1→3）(1→6）-α-D-glucan from Leuconostoc.sp. SK24.002 by high performance liquid chromotagraphy，scanning electron microscope(SEM），Zeta Nano，thermogravimetry，differential scanning calorimetry and rotational rheometer. Surface morphology showed that the glucan had a porous structure and its particle size in water solution ranged from 40 to160 nm. It had a narrow and single weight distribution and a relatively high thermal stability and decomposed at 265~345 ℃. The viscosity increased exponentially with its concentration in the range of 5 to 10 g/100 mL，and concentrated solution showed typical shear-thinning behavior and possessed an obvious weak gel-like character.

Abstract:AuMan5A，which belongs to the glycoside hydrolase family 5 β-mannanase from Aspergillus usamii YL-01-78，only contains a catalytic module （CM）. To improve its enzymatic properties，a fusion β-mannanase （AuMan5A-CBM27） was well designed by fusing a family 27carbohydrate-binding module （CBM27） from Thermotoga maritima MSB8 into the C-terminus of AuMan5A. A fusion gene （Auman5A-cbm27） constructed by the overlapping PCR was expressed in Pichia pastoris GS115. The enzymatic properties of the purified reAuMan5A-CBM27 and reAuMan5A were investigated. The optimal temperatures of both reAuMan5A-CBM27 and reAuMan5A were determined at 68 ℃. They were respectively thermo-stabled at 68 ℃ or 60 ℃ and below. A wider pH tolerant range was observed for reAuMan5A-CBM27，whose Km value to locust bean dropped from 1.7 mg/mL to 0.7 mg/mL. The increase of substrate affinity of AuMan5A was confirmed.

Abstract:Cationic porous starch was a new chemical modified starch which can be used as adsorbent in cigarette to absorb crotonaldehyde in mainstream of smoke. The preparation of cationic porous starch was carried out by alkali catalytic under dry process via the reaction of porous corn starch with 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl-trimethyl ammonium chloride. Different preparation conditions were investigated based on the degree of substitution （DS） and reaction efficiency （RE），including the mass ratio of etherifying agent/starch and sodium hydroxide/etherifying agent，temperature and reaction duration. The reaction conditions were optimized with 0.04 and 2.0 of the mass ratio of etherifying agent/starch and sodium hydroxide/etherifying agent was at 85 ℃ for 4 h. The results showed that a 37.36 % reduction of crotonaldehyde in cigarette smoke with 10 mg cationic porous starch and only 14.94 % reduction with 10 mg porous starch.

Abstract:Trehalose synthase could transform maltose to trehalose via isomerization, which is a crucial enzyme in the process of trehalose biotransformation with enzymatic method. Recombinant expression plasmid was constructed in order to effectively produce food-grade trehalose synthase in food safety host. The plasmid harbored a trehalose synthase encoding gene from Thermomonosporacurvata, which was expressed under the control of a xylose operon from Bacillus megaterium. The enzyme activity yield of intracellular trehalose synthase reached to 12.1 U/mL after fermentation when expressed by xylose isomerase promoter and its repressor protein in Bacillus licheniformis. Furthermore, the effect of different cultural conditions on the enzyme production was investigated and the optimal condition was determined with 4% maltodextrin, 0.4% soybean powder, and 1% inducer added after 10 h incubation. The maximal yield was 23.7 U/mL after 12 h induction at 37 ℃.The study would contribute to the industrial application of trehalose synthase from both theoretical and experimental aspects.

Abstract:The study first found that a unidirectional-twice thin layer chromatography significantly improved the analysis of Curdlan β-1，3-glucooligosaccharides. With the best developing reagents acetic acid，ethyl acetate and H2O in the ratio of 2∶2.4∶1.4 on the Silica gel 60 F254 plate of 20 cm，Curdlan β-1，3-glucooligosaccharides could be separated from the degree of polymerization 2 to 13. Then，the Image J software was used to quantify Curdlan β-1，3-glucooligosaccharides. A good linear relationship（R2＞0.99） existed between saccharides concentration within three ranges of 0.02 g/L～0.1 g/L，0.1 g/L～0.8 g/L and 0.8 g/L～5.0 g/L and grayscale integration respond. The established quantification had a detection limit of 0.02 g/L and a relative standard deviation of 1 %～5 % with good stability. Compared with other methods such as HPLC，this method is simple and rapid with no specialized instruments and oligosaccharides standards.

Abstract:One hundred male mice（20.84±2.45g） were randomly divided into five groups（n=20），COC-1 and COC-2 groups drank ad libitum 50% and 100% Coca-cola，PEP-1 and PEP-2 mice drank 50% and 100% Pepsi-cola and the control group（CG） drank tap water. Three mice selected randomly from each group were killed by cervical dislocation on the days 3，5，7，10，13 and 15；the serum was separated by centrifugal at 4000r/min for 10min；all visceral organs（heart，liver，spleen，lung，kidney，stomach and testis）were harvested aseptically；the concentration of serum testosterone was measured with the ELISA kit. On the 7th day body weights of four test groups were all higher than that of CG，especially for COC-2（P< 0.05）；on the 15th day the body weights of COC-2 and PEP-2 groups were higher than that of CG. Testis weights of COC-1，COC-2 and PEP-2 groups were significantly greater than groups CG and PEP-1 on the 7th day（P<0.05）；the stomach weight of PEP-2 was higher than other four groups on the 15th day. The concentration of serum testosterone in PEP-2 was significantly higher than those in COC-1 and CG（P < 0.05）；on the 10th day the concentrations in COC-2 and PEP-2 were dramatically higher than that in CG（P < 0.05）；on the 15th day the concentration in PEP-2 was remarkably higher than that in CG（P ＜0.05）. Thus，a short period of drinking of relatively high concentrations of Coca-cola and Pepsi-cola could promote the growth of male mice，enhance the testis development and increase the content of serum testosterone with no remarkable effects on visceral organs.

Abstract:The research aimed to study the impact of high-fat diet on thyroid hormone receptor and deiodinase in mice, as well as the protective effect of resveratrol. Four-week-old C57BL/6 male mice were fed normal diet, high-fat diet (HFD), or HFD supplemented with 0.1% resveratrol, respectively, metabolic experiments were conducted in the 6th week, the mice were sacrificed at the end of the 7th week and oxidative stress biomarker, blood lipid and thyroid hormone were then examined. The gene expressions of SIRT1, PGC1α, DIOI and TRβ were analyzed by RT-PCR. Compared with group C, body weight, blood lipid, MDA, T4 and FT4 levels of HFD mice were significantly increased (P < 0.05) whereas liver GSH/GSSG and T - AOC were remarkably reduced. Resveratrol obviously increased the expressions of DIOI, TR beta, SIRT1 and PGC1 alpha. Therefore, in a long term of high-fat feeding, the oxidative stress interfered with thyroid hormone but resveratrol could improve the metabolic abnormality by elevating the expressions of related genes SIRT1、PGC1α、DIOI and TRβ.

Abstract:A new calcium-fortifier（Ca-MPC） prepared from milk protein concentration（MPC） powders and insoluble calcium salts was characterized by confocal laser scanning microscopes and ζ-potential. It was confirmed as the complex of protein and calcium particles. The formation of Ca-MPC was driven by the weak molecular interactions. The differential interaction between protein and calcium particles was further investigated. An improvement on the suspension stability of Ca-MPC was observed when dispersed either in DI-water or protein solution，implying the industrial application as a good resource of calcium-fortifier.

Abstract:A strongly negative hyperbranched copolymer （LMWH-grafted CMC，CH） was synthesized by low-molecular-weight heparin （LMWH） grafted onto carboxymethylcellulose （CMC） backbone to improve the biological activities of LMWH via multivalent effect. LMWH with an aldehyde group at their reduce ends （LMWH-CHO） was prepared from heparin degradation by nitrous acid. The amide bond was formed between the amino group of EDA and the carboxylic groups of CMC when catalyzed by EDC and the primary amino groups were introduced to the backbone （CMC-NH2）. LMWH-CHO was thus grafted onto CMC-NH2 by the Schiff-base reaction. The synthesized hyperbranched polymer was characterized by FTIR，NMR and GPC-MALLS to detect its chemical structure and molecular weight. Furthermore，the anticoagulation activities of the polymer were determined. The results showed that the grafted ratio of CMC was 23.7% with a molar ratio of CMC-NH2 to LMWH-CHO of 1∶5. The APTT and PT of the polymer were 146 s and 27.9 s，respectively，which were 1.25-fold and 2-fold higher compared with that of LMWH. In addition，the IC50 value of anti-factor Xa and anti-factor IIa of the polymer were 104.2 nmol/L and 642 nmol/L，respectively. The values were much lower than those of LMWH. In conclusion，LMWH grafted CMC polymer possessed a better anticoagulation activity than LMWH.

Abstract:The effect of pre-storage cold shock treatment （CST） at 3℃ on polyamines （Put，Spd，Spm） and ethylene of cold-stored banana fruit was investigated，and its relationship with chilling injury was also studied. The chilling injury index，sensory quality and the contents of polyamines and ethylene in banana fruit were determined periodically for fruits treated with cold air at 3 ℃ for 6 h and the untreated control samples，all of which were stored at（8±0.5）℃. A positive correlation between Put and ethylene was observed. The contents of Spd and Spm decreased significantly with that of ethylene increased. The contents of Put and ethylene significantly decreased if pre-treated with CST at 3 ℃ for 6 h，comparing with the control group. The delay of the maximum values of Put and ethylene was also observed. CST treatment could efficiently slowdown the reduction of Spd and Spm，while inhibit the chilling injury of fruit. A better quality of banana fruit could be achieved under CST treatment with effective resistance of fruit chilling injury.

Abstract:The fermentation of clam sauce was studied to development of clam resource utilization. The contents of amino nitrogen and amino acid were investigated based on the different raw materials and fermentation technologies，in which Aspergillus oryzae was used as the fermentation microorganism. The optimization of fermentation condition was achieved by koji made from wheat bran and clam added in the initial stage. The total content of amino nitrogen was as high as 1.25 g/100 g with 1.2 g/100 g of glutamic acid and 209.54 mg/100 g of flavor nucleotide. A characteristic flavor of clam sauce was significantly exhibited with the 5'-GMP intensity of 8.460. The contribution of 5'-GMP to umami flavor of clam sauce during fermentation was confirmed.

Abstract:To characterize the nutritional and flavor components of the vinasse hairtail，general nutrients，total fatty acids，free amino acids and volatiles in the muscle of fresh hairtail were determined by GC-MS. Results showed that unsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated acids accounted for 60.57% and 31.98% in the total fatty acids，respectively，and the muscle was abundant in DHA and EPA. The free amino acids mainly included lysine，histidine and alanine with their contents being 1.02，0.35 g/kg and 0.28 g/kg，respectively. Among 38 volatiles trimethylamine and alcohol compounds had the highest percentages，which contributed largely to the fishy odor.

Abstract:The study aimed to optimize the hydrolysis parameters for mixed enzymes to improve the quality of tobacco stems and reduce the contents of macromolecules protein，pectin and cellulose. Results showed that acid protease was more sensitive to pH than pectease and cellulase but much less affected by temperature. The optimized parameters resulted in the better degradation of macromolecules with a total hydrolysis efficiency of 28.34% and significantly improved the sensory quality of tobacco stems. These indicated that hydrolysis rate and direction of tobacco stems could be changed according to industrial manufacturing，the requirement of sensory quality and the contents of macromolecules.

Abstract:The RNA-DNA primers and blockers were designed and synthesized based on the Vibrio parahaemolyticus gyrB gene. The reaction system was optimized. The real-time fluorescence single primer isothermal amplification （real-time fluorescence SPIA） was established for the detection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. The typical fluorescence curves were observed for only 3 strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in the real-time fluorescent SPIA detection of 3 strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and 16 strains of other food borne bacteria within 40 mins. Further studies showed that the sensitivity of real-time fluorescent SPIA for the detection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus DNA in pure culture was 8.2 fg/μL，while 1.35×101 CFU/mL for Vibrio parahaemolyticus bacteria suspension and 14.7 CFU/g for Vibrio parahaemolyticus in four simulated sample of codfish，crab，oysters and salted duck egg. The real-time fluorescence SPIA detection was demonstrated as a convenient method for the detection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus with high sensitivity，strong specificity and time saving.

Abstract:A new method for the production of high-purity isomalto-oligosaccharides（IMO） by the lactic acid fermentation using probiotic strains was demonstrated. With the addition of betaine and the fermentation of sugars such as glucose，fructose and maltose into lactic acid by probiotics，the low-purity IMO-50 was effectively converted into the high-purity IMO-90. There was no need to separate the strains after conversion. The method is an easy way to manufacture edible products.

Abstract:The detection of endogenous genes using PCR is one of the effective methods to detect the variety of edible vegetable oil and identify their adulteration. Due to the extremely low content of DNA in the refined oil, the effective extraction method to concentrate DNA is the crucial challenge concerning the authenticity identification based on PCR. The DNA concentrated method based on magnetic beads was established in this paper. DNA was extracted using this method from the edible oil including sesame oil, rapeseed oil and rice oil. Their endogenous genes was then characterized by real-time fluorescence PCR.The endogenous genes were successfully detected using concentrated DNA extracted after five emulsifications and further by magnetic beads. The results were further confirmed by the agarose gel electrophoresis. The qualitative identification of edible oil using magnetic beads was achieved.