Abstract:This review summarized the regularity of the fresh degree of marine aquatic products and pointed out that the freshness was an important index for the quality of marine aquatic products. Currently，the traditional detection technologies for the freshness of marine aquatic products including sensory，physical，chemical，and microbiological test. The novel detection technologies for the freshness of marine aquatic products were highlighted in this study，mainly including intelligent detection，freshness indicator cards and some fast detection technologies. Finally，the existing problems and development tendency of detection technologies for marine aquatic products are summarized.

Abstract:Hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg) is a major component of the hepatitis B vaccine. In the present work，we achieved its high efficient heterologous expression in the recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae by optimization at three levels:transcription，translation and post-translation. Compared with the constitutive promoters TEF1，TDH3，HXT7 and ADH1，the inducible promoter GAL1 substantially increased the expression of HBsAg. Moreover，compared with GCCACC and AAAAAA，the kozak sequence TACACA is more beneficial to the translation and active expression of HBsAg. More importantly，co-expression of protein disulfide isomerase(PDI) also significantly increased the expression of HBsAg. Through three levels of optimizations，the activity of recombinant HBsAg was increased from 8.87 IU/g CDW to 151.08 IU/g CDW. Finally，applying the Ni column affinity chromatography，we successfully obtained the purified HBsAg with an activity of 3.32 IU/mL.

Abstract:The effects of electron beam(EB) irradiation with different doses combined with hot-air drying on the characteristics，microorganism，and quality of chilli were studied. The results showed that drying rate increased significantly after the irradiation treatment with the dose of 2，3 and 6 kGy，and there was a positive correlation between irradiation dose and drying rate. The radiation treatment of chilli before drying could more effectively impel sterilization in the product with a lower irradiation dose(3-6 kGy). There was a significant effect on the quality in fresh chilli with the irradiation dose of 6 kGy(p<0.05) due to the high water content of fresh raw materials though capsaicin and paprika pigments of chilli have the strong resistant ability on irradiation. The study showed that the dose of irradiation pretreatment should be controlled to improve irradiation sterilization with the low dose and hot-air drying rate of chilli.

Abstract:In this study，the effect of aeration intensity on specific oxygen utilization rate (SOUR)，the content of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and their distribution during synthetic wastewater treating was investigated in membrane bioreactor (MBR) system. The results showed that SOUR was increased and the EPS content in the MBR supernatant dropped by increasing the aeration intensity，but it didn't change much in sludge. The EPS both in supernatant and sludge were dominated by polysaccharides. However，the EPS content in membrane fouling layer increased along with the aeration intensity and was mainly consisted of proteins. The membrane-fouling rate was in proportion to the proteins/polysaccharides ratio in soluble EPS of the mixed liquid.

Abstract:Seven strains of Pediococcus pentosaceus were isolated and identified from the fermented stinky tofu brine using methods of conventional bacteria isolation combined with physiological and biochemical test and 16S rDNA sequencing identification. The specific fingerprint for each strain was developed by the random amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD) technique. The adhesive ability of the strain and the correlation of phenotypic characteristics of strain adhesion and genotype，surface hydrophobicity，and aggregation ability were studied using Caco-2 cell and intestinal mucus protein as in vitro model. Results showed that six different fingerprint patterns were found in the seven Pediococcus pentosaceus strains，among them，the A5 subtype of strains(F28-8 and Y27-4) showed the strongest adhesion to the Caco-2 cells and intestinal mucus. Furthermore，these two strains also exhibited highly hydrophobic(the hydrophobicity rate > 90%) and higher aggregation ability(the aggregation rate at 2 h > 5%). Correlation analysis results showed that the surface hydrophobicity and aggregation ability of Pediococcus pentosaceus were positively related to the adhesive ability to the Caco-2 cell significantly(r=0.900 and 0.792，P<0.05)，but they were not significantly correlated to the adhesive ability to the intestinal mucus(r = 0.426 and 0.700，P>0.05). The results of this study provide the basis for establishing techniques of rapid screening highly adhesive Pediococcus pentosaceus strains and their colonization and distribution in vivo.

Abstract:Six novel symmetrical alkylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ionic liquids(ILs) were designed and synthesized in this study. The enantioselective esterification of(±)-menthol with propionic anhydride catalyzed by Canadida rugosa lipase was used as a model reaction to investigate the catalytic characterization of the lipase in different medium. The results indicated that the activity and selectivity of the lipase in the ionic liquid 1，3-di(n-octyl)imidazolium hexafluorophosphate([DnOIM][PF6]) is obviously higher than that in other ILs and hexane. Therefore，[DnOIM][PF6] was chosen as the medium for the reaction. By investigating various factors on the conversion of(±)-menthol，the optimal conditions were determined as reaction temperature of 30 ℃，70 mg lipase，3.0 mL ionic liquid，menthol and propionic anhydride with the molar ratio of 1∶1，and reaction performed for 20 h. Under this optimal condition，the conversion of(±)-menthol and enantiomeric excess of(-)-menthyl propionate was up to 48.1% and 98.1%，respectively. The stability of the lipase in IL was 4.3-fold than that in hexane. Furthermore，the activity of IL and the lipase were not substantial diminution after recycled 7 times. Meanwhile，fluorescence spectroscopy and circular dichroism results showed that the lipase in IL had bigger exposure levels of amino acid residues and excellent secondary structure stability.

Abstract:The radio frequency(RF) combined with hot air has been referred to RF-hot air. The impacts of separate RF，hot and RF-hot air sterilization of carrots in a small package was studied. During the RF-hot air sterilization The effects of sterilization with different plate spacing and time，and the change of quality of carrots after been sterilized in different conditions，such as crispness，hardness，color，carotenoids and overall sensory evaluation.were evaluated by RF-hot air. The results showed that RF-hot air not only significantly influence the d bactericidal of carrots，but also maintain the good quality of the products.

Abstract:The aim of this study is to investigate whether α-lipoic acid(α- LA) prevents high glucose-induced oxidative damage and apoptosis of pancreatic islet beta cells. In the present sudy，RIN-m5F cells were incubated with different concentration of glucose(11 mmol/L，22 mmol/L and 44 mmol/L) in the presence or absence of 200 mol/L α-LA for 72 h. Then，cellular reactive oxygen species(ROS) levels，malandialdehyde(MDA) levels，total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC) and superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity were assayed with the appropriate test kits；mitochondrial membrane potential was detected by flow cytometry；relative genes levels were analyzed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction；western blotting was used to determine protein expression of GSK-3β and p-GSK-3β(Ser9). The results show that α-LA significantly reduced the MDA formation and inhibited the ROS production induced by high glucose，whereas increased T-AOC and SOD activity. Additionally，α- LA induced membrane depolarization and increased mitochondrial membrane potential. These effects were mediated by Bcl-2 associated X protein(BAX) and B-cell lymphoma-2(BCL-2) expression. Western blotting indicated that α-LA inhibited GSK-3β by increasing p-GSK-3β(Ser9) level. Therefore，our data suggest that α-LA can effectively attenuate high glucose-induced RIN-m5F cell oxidative damage and apoptosis，by mechanisms which probably involves the inactivation of GSK-3β by phosphorylation. These findings provide a new interpretation on the role of α-LA in the treatment of diabetes.

Abstract:The research aimed to determine effects of a composite film-forming agent consisting of 1.25% collagen，2.00% glycerin and 1.50% glycerin monostearate on the water loss in the precooling and the quality of pig carcass. Results showed that compared with water-sprayed and blank controls，the processing with the film-forming agent dramatically (p<0.05) reduced the water loss in the precooling by 0.50% and 0.60% and yellow degree values of the backfat skin by 1.953 and 2.046，respectively，and resulted in no significant difference (p>0.05) in the storage and cooking losses of longissimus muscle，the brightness and red values of backfat skin and the total colony number on the surface of pig carcass. Therefore，the collagen film-forming agent could exert a beneficial effect on the water holding capacity of pig carcass and protect pig skin from becoming dry and yellow.

Abstract:Species-specific real-time PCR assay was developed for the detection of horse-derived materials in foods. Primers and probes were designed with horse conservative regions of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene (amplicon=127 bp). The specificity was evaluated and no amplifications on DNA from other meats came under observation. The method was specific for horse-derived materials，and the limit of detection was 1.25 pg of horse DNA and 0.001% (w/w) for horse powder. All these results confirmed that the real-time PCR assay is a rapid，sensitive and specific routine food analysis for the detection of horse in foods.

Abstract:This work was to evaluate the effect of storage temperature on the functional and nutritional quality of postharvest maca tuber. Results showed that the lower of the storage temperature，the slower of the quality drop with the loss of nutritional and functional components in maca tuber frozen at -5 ℃ being significantly higher than that at -10 ℃and -20 ℃. Moreover，the lower storage temperature was favorable to the texture including hardness，chewiness and resilience. With the frozen temperature of -20 ℃ in the household refrigerator，the maca tuber could maintain a good quality for 12 months.

Abstract:To quantify the SD value of Staphylococcus aureus Reference Materials in chicken matrix，the S.aureus counting methods，the standard values and the uncertainty were analyzed in this study. As compared to the results of three different S. aureus counting methods，BP pouring counting method showed the same result with PCA counting method，The SD value of BP tablet pouring method was smaller as compared to BP tablet coating method.The BP tablet pouring counting showed good precision and reproducibility. The SD values was 275 CFU/bottles and the total uncertainty was 6，the Reference Materials constant value was (275 + 6) CFU/bottle.

Abstract:A comparative study of the mixed storage effects with silicone window and common fresh-keeping bags was carried out on four kinds of common shipped vegetables，including pakchoi，green cabbage，broccoli and wild rice stem. The vegetables were packed by high density polyethylene bags with silicone window(its area was 25 cm2) and stored at 2 ±0.5 ℃. The concentrations of O2 and CO2，the weight loss rates，respiratory intensities，the contents of ascorbic acid，chlorophyll and malondialdehyde(MDA)，the browning degrees，the contents of soluble solids and soluble sugars were determined every three days. The result revealed that the storage effects of the four mixed vegetables with silicone window were better than that of common fresh-keeping bags.

Abstract:To optimize the microwave-assisted extraction technique of polysaccharide from Polyporus umbellatus，the effects of the liquid to solid ratio，pH，microwave power，extraction time，extraction number and their interaction on extaction were studied by Box-Behnken design. The predictive model and reliability were developed by Design Expert software and response surface analysis (RSM). The optimal extraction conditions were achieved and listed as follows:liquid-to-solid ratio 30∶1 mL/g，pH 6.6，microwave power 614 W，extraction time 2.5 mins，extraction number 3 times. Under these conditions，the extraction yield of polysaccharide was up to 6.75%. The extraction conditions achieved by RSM provided technical support for the industrial production of polysaccharide from Polyporus umbellatus.

Abstract:The work was to determine the phenolic contents and the antiproliferative activities on human liver cells HepG2 and human colon cancer cells Caco-2 of 36 commonly consumed vegetables in China. Based on the Folin-Ciocalteu method，Brassica alboglabra L. H. Bailey(Chinese kale)(973.09±31.29 ?滋mol GAE/100 g of fresh vegetable) and Nodus Nelumbins Rhizomatis(lotus root)(920.55±29.00 ?滋mol GAE/100 g of fresh vegetable) were found to have the highest total phenolic contents，whereas Luffa cylindrica(L.)(Roem. towel gourd)(44.94±4.16 ?滋mol GAE/100 g fresh vegetable) had the lowest phenolic content. According to the methylene blue assay for the quantifiable antiproliferative activities，A. tuberosum(Chinese chive) and galic bolt(garlic sprout) had the strongest antiproliferative activities on HepG2 cells with EC50 values of 15.96±0.88 mg/mL and 17.54±0.03 mg/mL，respectively，and A. tuberosum(Chinese chive) also had the strongest antiproliferative activity on Caco-2 cells(EC50 value of 21.08±1.67 mg/mL)；Brassicachinensis L.(Shanghai pakchoi)(EC50 value of 390.52±17.63 mg/mL) and Ipomoea aquatica Forsk.(water spinach)(EC50 value of 394.25±11.89 mg/mL) exerted the weakest antiproliferative activities on HepG2 cells，and Capsicum annuum(green chili pepper)(EC50 value of 390.217±4.78 mg/mL) had the weakest activity on Caco-2 cells. The study did not prove a significant correlation between the total phenolic contents and the antiproliferative activities on HepG2(R2=0.0271，p>0.05) and Caco-2(R2=0.151 2，p>0.05) cells，indicating that the inhibition of cancer cells by vegetables could not be explained solely by their phenolic contents.

Abstract:The antioxidant activity of inulin was evaluated by the studies of the reduction ability，Fe2+-chelating activity and DPPH free radical scavenging activity. The mechanism of its antioxidant activity was investigated using the Caco-2 cell monolayer model. Three different antioxidant activity assays showed that inulin exhibited good antioxidant activity. A significant protective effect of inulin on H2O2 induced oxidative stress in Caco-2 cells was observed in comparison with the positive controls. With the treatment of 0.8 mg/mL insulin，the activities of superoxide dismutase，catalase and glutathione peroxidase were increased by 35.8%，47.6%，and 61.2%，respectively. The antioxidant activity of inulin takes effect mainly by activing the intracellular antioxidant enzymes.