Abstract:Metabotype concept has been widely used in pharmacometabonomics and nutrigenomics，which also provides a new bioanalytical territory for personalized treatment. Different from the metabolic phenotype，metabotype has a clear definition. Metabotype is mainly determined by the genome，the intestinal flora，environment and the intakes，which can be described by four criteria，i.e.，metabolites，their concentrations，their ratios and the metabolic profiles. The model established via the four criteria，which is useful in the biological field，was applied to study Aflatoxins B1 in this paper，providing a new perspective for its application.

Abstract:The adhesion of Lactobacillus to the host is a basis of its probiotic functions and depends on surface layer proteins. These proteins from Lactobacillus have low molecular weights，high isoelectric points，various structures and genes and other characteristics，which are different from other surface layer proteins. Herein we summarize structures，genes and biological functions of surface layer proteins from Lactobacillus.

Abstract:The effects of coating temperature，coating thickness and cooling condition on the quality of products coated with alternative cocoa butter were studied by single factor test and orthogonal design test. The results showed that the primary factor affecting the quality of chocolate-coated products was the cooling condition，followed by the coating temperature and coating thickness. The control parameters for coating process after optimization were the coating temperature of 36 ℃，the coating thickness of 0.5mm and cooling under 12 ℃-10 ℃-12 ℃.

Abstract:In the study，the local yeast community from the traditional fermented foods(Qiaotou and horse milk wine) in Xinjiang was analyzed. The total 472 yeast isolates of 161 samples were collected from 21 different regions using the methods of YPD enrichment culture，dilution and spread-culture，and were grouped into 16 different culture types by the WL colony morphology. Eleven strains representing different WL types were sequenced with 5.8S-ITS region and 26S D1/D2 region primers，and blasted in the International Nucleotide Sequence Database to identify them into 6 genus and 8 species. Results showed that among the 472 yeast isolates，there were 263 Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains，156 Issatchenkia orientalis，10 Torulaspora delbrueckii，9 Pichia fermentans，21 Saccharomyces unisporus，7 Metschnikowia pulcherrima，4 Pichia membranifaciens and 2 Clavispora lusitaniae. It was obvious that Saccharomyces sp. and Issatchenkia sp. were dominant in the traditional yeast community and rich diversities occurred in different regions and different isolated substances. This study was the first time to show the yeast community in the traditional foods from the extensive sampled regions and would encourage further utilization of the potential yeast strains and provide a good reference for the quality of traditional fermented foods in Xinjiang.

Abstract:The overdose of sulfa drugs will cause allergic reactions and possibly carcinogenic. Among the all sulfa drugs used in food，sulfadimethoxine(SDM) takes up a large proportion. In this research，a new method based on surface plasmon resonance(SPR) was proposed for the rapid and high sensitive detection of SDM in milk powder. The detection was based on the changes of SPR angles，which was subsequently caused by the changes in the refractive index of gold film induced by the specific recognition of samples by the SDM antibody modified on the surface of SRP chips. A standard curve represented the relationship between SRP response signal and SDM concentration. The limit of detection(LOD) for SDM was as low as 0.19 ng/mL，and the milk powder recovery was in the range of 94.0%～98.3%. Compared with the traditional methods，SPR technique has high sensitivity，high accuracy and easy operation. SPR sensor chips can be repeatedly used for sample detection in practical application with good integrity.

Abstract:The effects of Maillard reaction products(MRPs) and histamine on the inhibition of cell proliferation and cell cycle of human HL7702 were investigated. Human HL 7702 cells were respectively treated by MRPs and histamine with different concentrations for 24，48 and 72 h，i.e.，0.2 mg/mL、0.4 mg/mL、0.6 mg/mL、0.8 mg/mL、1 mg/mL for MRPs，and 0.047 mg/mL、0.094 mg/mL、0.141 mg/mL、0.188 mg/mL、0.235 mg/mL for histamine. The inhibition of cell proliferation induced by MRPs and histamine was detected by MTT assay. The effects of MRPs and histamine on the cell cycle distribution in human HL7702 were detected with flow cytometry using Annexin assay. The inhibition of cell proliferation induced by MRPs and histamine was dependent on the treatment concentration and duration，in which the inhibition was observed after 24 h、48 h、72 h treatment in human HL7702. Histamine was a stronger inhibitor compared with MRPs. The cell cycle arrest was affected by both MRPs and histamine，while histamine was more effective. In conclusion，MRPs could significantly reduce the histamine-induced cytotoxicity of human HL-7702 cells.

Abstract:This study investigated the influence of NaCl on the freeze-thaw stability of corn starch gels. Syneresis rate，microscopic structure，texture，thermal property and zeta potential of corn starch gel with different concentrations of NaCl were measured using centrifugation，scanning electron microscopy(SEM)，texture analyzer and differential scanning calorimetry，respectively. The presence of NaCl reduced the syneresis rate and the destruction of gel structure. Hardness and retrogradation of corn starch gels were negatively correlated to the concentration of NaCl. The zeta potential of the starch gels also decreased with the increasing NaCl concentrations because of the adsorption of Na+. This study revealed that NaCl effectively preserves the quality of freeze-thawed corn starch gels.

Abstract:Moisture content uniformity is one of the primary parameters in a drying process，which is important to evaluate the quality of dried-foods and the drying technique. The moisture content uniformity detected by the hyperspectral imaging technology was studied in the drying process of maize. A prediction model was developed by the mean and standard deviation features combined with the partial least squares(PLS)，where orthogonal signal correction method was used as the preprocessing method. The results showed that the prediction model developed by the mean and standard deviation features after preprocessing achieved the optimal performance with the correlation coefficient of 0.839 and the root mean square error of 1.74%，while the latent variables was reduced to 2 variables. Therefore，the hyperspectral imaging technology could be used as a non-destructive detection of moisture content uniformity.

Abstract:The high solid content starch-based wood adhesive was prepared by two-seed process. Firstly，the concentration effect of hydrochloric acid on viscosity of the high solid content starch-based wood adhesive was studied. Considering the degradation effect on shear strength，1.0 mol/L of hydrochloric acid was used. Then，two seed polymerization process was applied to further lower the viscosity of the system and improve the adhesive properties. Effects of the first/second seed ratio and the adding time of the second seed on storage stability of the high solid content starch-based wood adhesive were studied. It was shown that the adhesive showed the lowest viscosity and the best storage property with the first/second seed ratio of 8∶2 and the second seed being added after reacting for 2.5 h. Finally，the preparation was stable and less reflux with the conditions of 1% of APS(starch dry basis)，addition of 70% of the total APS at the beginning of reaction，10% of the total APS after adding the second seed and the rest 20% after taking out the second seed. The starch-based adhesive prepared by two-seed process possessed bimodal particle size distribution. The particles with different sizes reached the closest packing condition and more amount of emulsifier could be adsorbed on the surface of the small particles to restrain the starch retrogradation，which greatly improved the storage property of the high solid content of starch-based wood adhesive.

Abstract:This study developed a method to identify 14 pesticides residues(including organic phosphorus insecticides，fungicides，organic heterocyclic pesticides and novel nicotine insecticide) in fresh jujube by solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem(HPLC-MS/MS)，in which a strong hydrophobic silica bonded tC18 column was selected as the solid-phase extraction，electrospray ionization(ESI) was used as the ion source and positive ion multiple reaction monitoring(MRM) was set as the detection mode. The effects of different extraction solvents and solid-phase extraction columns were compared for the determination of 14 pesticides residues，and at the meanwhile the separation and detection conditions for the multiresidue analysis by chromatography and mass spectrometry were also optimized. A good linear relationship could be achieved for the detection of 14 pesticides in fresh jujube in the range of 10~500 μg/L (or 1~50 μg/L)，with the correlation coefficients of 0.996 3~0.999 9，the quantitation limits of 0.10~9.50 μg/kg，the recoveries of 67.4%~116.8% for 14 pesticides of three different concentrations，and RSD of 0.8%~14.8%. The optimized method，which is applicable to determine 14 pesticide residues in fresh jujube，meets the requirements of the multiresidue analysis with simple operation，good sensitivity，and high accuracy.

Abstract:This manuscript determined the processing technology of instant ayu. Based on the sensory quality of products，the marinating processingwas optimized with both the single-factor and the orthogonal experiments，and pre-drying and frying technologies were also established for a better taste. Results showed that the best marinating，pre-drying and frying technologies were:10% of saltconcentration，salting for 30 min and then marinating for 2 h；pre-drying at 40~50 ℃ to 60% of moisture content；frying at 180 ℃for 4 min.

Abstract:To optimize the extraction technology of total flavonoids from Leaves of Punica granatum L.，response surface methodology was applied on the basis of single factor tests. The results showed that microwave power，extraction time and liquid-to-material ratio had extremely significant effect on the extraction rate of total flavonoids. Ethanol concentration of 71.5%(v/v)，microwave power of 662 W，extraction time of 242 s and solid/liquid ratio of 33.5(g/mL) were found optimum. Under the optimized conditions，the extraction rate of total flavonoids from Leaves of Punica granatum L. was 89.21% by extracting once.

Abstract:This study aimed to elucidate the biological basis for the treatment of colorectal cancer using curcumin，by investigating the effects of curcumin on apoptosis of LoVo and the expression of apoptosis-related protein Caspase-3 and poly ADP-ribose polymerase(PARP). The human colorectal carcinoma cells LoVo was conventionally cultured in vitro by curcumin with different concentrations. Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT) assays were performed to examine the inhibition of LoVo cell proliferation induced by curcumin. The effect of curcumin on LoVo cells colony formation was observed under an inverted microscope. The fluorescent dye Hoechst 33258 was used to detect the apoptotic cells. The enzyme activity of Caspase-3 was measured using a spectrophotometric method. The levels of Caspase-3 and PAPR expression before and after curcumin treatment were determined with Western blot analysis. The LoVo cells proliferation and the cell colony formation could be inhibited by curcumin. The cell proliferation and survival of LoVo were reduced and the expression of Caspase-3 was activated dependent on the treated concentration and duration. The apoptosis of LoVo cell was significantly induced and the expressions of Caspase-3 and PARP were increased by curcumin with a concentration above 20 μmol/L. The results suggested that curcumin could significantly inhibit LoVo cell proliferation and induce cell apoptosis. The molecular mechanism was associated with the regulation of Caspase-3 and PARP expression.

Abstract:It is known from single factor test that reaction temperature，reaction time，pH value，concentration of citric acid，microwave time and microwave power all affect the water absorption ratio of the citrate starch. Four main factors was selected to carry out the response surface methodology analysis baesd on the single factor test. The results show that at the following conditions:pH 3.48，reaction temperature 126 ℃，reaction time 6.0 h，microwave reaction time 7min，addition amount of citric acid 15% and reaction of microwave power 640 W，the water absorption ratio of the prepared citrate starch reaches 760.83%. The relative error is 0.518% compared with predicted value 764.771%. There is no significant deference between the predicted and the experiment value，which indicates that the degree of fitting was good.

Abstract:The external factors affecting the differences between fructose and glucose consumptions and fermentations under high concentrations of ethanol were investigated by the effects of hexose ratio，micro-aeration and temperature to provide basis for the alcoholic fermentation of high gravity sugarcane juice. Sugarcane juice was simulated using YPDF medium and fermented under ethanol concentration of 11.2% (v/v) and with an initial yeast number of 1.40×108 cells/mL. The concentrations of fructose and glucose in the process of fermentation were determined by HPLC. Metabolic curves of fructose and glucose fermentation were analyzed and fitted by the area under the curve (AUC) method. The fructose metabolism was seriously impeded by the glucose metabolism under high concentrations of ethanol if the initial glucose was more than 40% of total sugar. Micro-aeration could effectively reduce the differences between fructose and glucose consumptions during the late stages of the fermentation，and the ethanol productivity was raised by 61.70%. Low temperature was apparently favorable to maintain the final biomass，while sugar metabolism was susceptible to the endogenous ethanol rather than the exogenous ethanol. In addition，there was a preference to glucose for S.cerevisiae GJ2008，however，the preference was not affected by the environmental factors. For the alcoholic fermentation of high gravity sugarcane juice，it is recommended to maintain a micro-aeration and a low temperature condition during the late stages of the fermentation，in which stages the glucose concentration should be well reduced to remove its metabolic repression to fructose.

Abstract:Structures and applications of cane(MZ)，citron(HR)and cunninghamia(G1)-derived tip additives in cigaretteswere investigated by GC-MS，sensory evaluation，SPME-GC-MS and SEM. Results showed thatthe sensory quality of the cigarettes with MZ and G1 was significant improved，the hazard indexes of the cigarettes with natural materials were greatly reduced(the hazard index of the cigarette with G1 was reduced by 23.08%)，three materials contained abundant aroma components with the types and the contents of aroma components in the cigarette with G1 beingthe highest at the high temperature，and the larger the specific surface area for the material was，the better the harm reduction for the cigarette was.

Abstract:The study aimed to explore the mechanism of 9-cis-retinoic acid(9-cis RA) inhibiting proliferation and inducing apoptosis in human lung cancer cell line A2.Cultured A2 cells were randomly divided into four groups，the experimental group received 9-cis RA to a final concentration of 1，5 or 10 μmol/L，and the control group was added dimethyl sulfoxide to a final concentration of 0.1%. The MTT method was used for the determination of cell proliferation，flow cytometry(FCM) for the analysis of apoptosis，and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) for the expression changes of bax，fas and bcl-2 genes. Results showed that 9-cis RA significantly inhibited the cell proliferation(P<0.01) and the incidences of apoptosis in the experimental groups were significantly higher(P<0.05)，which depended on the concentration of 9-cis RA.The mRNA expressions of bax and fas genes in the experimental groups were significantly higher(P<0.01) whereas the bcl-2mRNA expressionwas significantly lower than the control group(P<0.01).Therefore，9-cis RA significantly inhibitsthe proliferation of human lung cancer cell line A2，which may be related to the increased expressions of bax and fas genes and the decreased expression of bcl-2 gene，and then induced apoptosis.