Abstract:Owing to the distinguished superiority of lower background noises,deeper penetrating capacity and less destructiveness to biomatrix over UV and visible fluorophores,near-infrared fluorescent probes(NIFPs) have gaining more and more attentions for analytical applications to date. With continuous research efforts in chemical synthesis and exploration of novel fluorescent materials,the number of NIFPs applicable for biological systems has grown substantially and widely applied in fields such as non-destructive detection,immunoassay and bioimaging in recent years. In this review,the properties,characterization and recent progresses in improvements of optical properties and signal intensity of 4 types of vital NIFPs(i.e. organic fluorophores,quantum dots,rare earth compounds and single-walled carbon nanotubes) were summarized. The applications of such important NIFPs in immunological analysis of environmental contaminants and clinically important biomarkers were also elaborated. Moreover,the potential of NIFPs-based immunochromatography technique adaptable for rapid detection of foodborne pathogens was also forecasted.

Abstract:In recent years,more and more studies of concentrated on the plant pathogenic fungi infects plant structure. Pathogenic fungi usually produce infection pad,attached to infect cells and absorbing structures,etc. to complete the host infection process.The infection status of cantaloupe infected by different pathogen at different times was observed throngh electron microscop. The results showed that the incidence of pathogens can cause cantaloupe changes in cell structure,such as cell wall thin,chloroplasts disintegration,destruction of the cell structure,vacuoles and a series of clinical characteristics.The research conclusion will provide theoretical basis for the cantaloupe pathogen infection process,and infectious disease prevention and control,it has a certain reference value.

Abstract:The objective of this study was to evaluate the physiochemical property and antioxidant activity of the MRPs from the reactions between the enzymolysis product of Portunus pelagicus meat and xylose(X),glucose(G),lactose(L) and fructose(F) at different heating time(10,30,60,90 and 120 min). The browning intensity and pH value of the model systems were determined. The DPPH radical scavenging activity,reducing power,hydroxyl radical scavenging activity and iron-chelation activity of the model systems were determined to evaluate the antioxidant activity of the MRPs. With the heating processing,the browning intensity of the model systems increased,as well as the DPPH radical scavenging activity,reducing power and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity,while the pH value and iron-chelation activity were decreased. With the different of reducing sugar,the antioxidant activity of MRPs are different,the intensity of each MRPs in DPPH radical scavenging activity,reducing power and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity in order is xylose-enzymolysis product of Portunus pelagicus meat(X-P),fructose-enzymolysis product of Portunus pelagicus meat(F-P),glucose-enzymolysis product of Portunus pelagicus meat(G-P),lactose-enzymolysis product of Portunus pelagicus meat(L-P).

Abstract:It is of great importance for quick and nondestructive detection of meat freshness to ensure the quality of meat products and reduce the risks of food safety accidents. In this manuscript,the hyperspectral imaging technology has been used to study the nondestructive detection of pork freshness. The hyperspectral reflectance images between 400 and 1 000 nm of 180 pork samples were acquired. The mean and entropy feature were calculated from the hyperspectral reflectance image. Successive Projection Algorithm(SPA),Principal Component Analysis(PCA),and SPA combined with PCA were respectively used to extract the important feature variables which reflect well the characteristics of the meat freshness. And the Volatile Base Nitrogen(TVB-N) prediction models using Least Squares Support Vector Machine (LSSVM) were developed. On this basis,a visual detection method for the TVB-N content of pork was raised. The results demonstrated that:it can significantly improve the precision of model using the fusion of the mean and entropy features;and the feature dimension reduction method of SPA combined with PCA can significantly reduce the complexity of the model,while improving the model accuracy. The LSSVM prediction model using the fusion feature of mean and entropy based on dimension reduction method of SPA combined with PCA can obtain the best prediction accuracy. The Root Mean Square Error of Prediction (RMSEP) is 1.96,and the Relevance of Prediction (RP) is 0.948. The Residual Prediction Deviation(RPD) is 3.12,which meet the needs of the actual detection for pork freshness. The visualization detection method for pork freshness can display directly and clearly the area and degree of meat corruption.

Abstract:Both endoglucanase and xylanase are additives in feed for mono-gastric animal. Co-expression of endoglucanase and xylanase in P. pastoris is a useful way to reduce the production cost in feedstuff industry. An endoglucanase-encoding gene(Aucel12A) from Aspergillus usamii was expressed in P. pastoris,and the engineering strain with the highest endoglucanase activity was labeled GSC7. Then,a recombinant vector,pPICZαA-Aoxyn11A,was constructed and linearized by Sac I,followed by transforming it into GSC7. Ultimately,the endoglucanase and xylanase genes were successfully co-expressed in P. pastoris. One strain harbored genes Aoxyn11A and Aucel12A,with the highest xylanase and endoglucanase activities,was labeled GSCX8. The enzymatic properties of the recombinant AuCel12A and AoXyn11A,expressed in GSCX8,were characterized. Meanwhile,to analyze the genetic stability of GSCX8,the xylanase and endoglucanase activities of different strains after passing 10 generations were also measured. After strain GSCX8 was induced for 96 h,the activities of recombinant AuCel12A and AoXyn11A in the cultured supernatant were 47.77 IU/mL and 192.71 IU/mL,respectively,which were about 85% and 80% of that of enzymes expressed by the single gene engineering strains GSCZ and GSX5. The recombinant AuCel12A displayed the optimal activity at pH 4.0 and 50 ℃,and was stable over a pH range of 3.0~8.5 and at 60 ℃ or below. Besides,the recombinant AoXyn11A displayed the optimal activity at pH 5.5 and 55 ℃,and was stable over a pH range of 3.0~10.0 and at 50 ℃ or below. Additionally,the activities of the two enzymes were well maintained after the GSCX8 passing 10 generations.

Abstract:Aimed to investigate the feasibility of growing Chlorella sorokiniana outdoor in summer,a 6 L aerated vertical column photobioreactor was performed from Jun to Aug on the rooftop. When cultivated outdoor,algae auto-flocculation will happen heavily once pH was over 8.5. The photoinhibition caused by high incident light intensity(1 700±137 ?滋mol/(m2·s))and the algal cells damage resulted from high temperature(48 ℃) lead to inhibition of algal growth. Chlorella sorokiniana is not able to grow well when temperature is over 40 ℃. The installation of reflectors,which covered by reflective thermal insulation mental coatings,could decrease light intensity by 42.21±4.7%,resulting in 2~4 ℃ temperature decrease. However,light intensity still could be more than 900 ?滋mol/(m2·s) on sunny days,making photoinhibition hard to be relieved. To achieve faster algal growth as well as continuous cultivation outdoor,more effort should be made to moderate the light intensity.

Abstract:This manuscript was aimed to investigate the effect of γ-aminobutyric acid on bone performace in high-fat-diet-fed mice. For this,6-week-old C57BL/6 male mice(40) were randomly divided into four groups:normal diet group(C),high-fat diet group(HFD),mice in HFD supplemented with 0.06%,0.12% GABA by drinking water. A week prior to sacrifice,mice were placed in metabolism cages to collect urine for measuring urinary calcium and hydroxyproline content. Mice were sacrificed by 20th,femur,tibia were collected for measuring parameters,femoral oxidative stress and relative genes expression by RT-PCR. The results demonstrated compared with the control group,HFD showed femoral oxidative stress,down-regulated GAD65 and increased GABAbR1 expression as well as dramatically significantly up-regulated GSK3β and down-regulated Nrf2;In addition,mice in HFD showed significantly reduced femoral and tibial performance,while dramatically increased urinary calcium and hydroxyproline content. At the same time,osteoblast-specific genes Col1a1,BGLAP2 significantly down-regulated while osteoclast-specific genes expression RANKL/OPG,TRAP,CTSK increased significantly in HFD. 0.06%,0.12%GABA supplement can significantly recovered GSK3β,Nrf2,GABAbR1 expression,alleviated femoral oxidative stress,and thus improved femur and tibia performance accompanied by balanced bone metabolism. Conclusion:GABA can balance bone metabolism and partially recover bone performance by alleviating oxidative stress. 0.12% GABA showed a better effect than 0.06% in adjusting femoral redox state and improving bone performance.

Abstract:In order to greatly reduce the energy consumption of evaporation process in sugar plant,three kinds of energy-saving measures which include steam jet heat pump technology,extra vapor elicitation to preheat the sugar cane juice and condensate water flash are applied together in concurrent multi-effect evaporation system to concentrate sugar cane juice for the first time,meanwhile,the mathematical model of the system which is described as the form of matrix equation was established. The developed model has strong versatility,it not only can be simplified as a concurrent multi-effect evaporation model with different combinations of energy-saving measures,but also can achieve the function of extracting stream at any effect,and it can be generalized to the concentrate of other heat-sensitive solution by evaporating in food industry. There is an optimal injection coefficient and pumping position of the steam jet heat pump,and the mathematical model is high efficiency and energy saving when above three energy conservation measures are used simultaneously and the model is under optimal conditions. Iteration method combining with matrix method is used to solve the model of concentrated sugar cane juice 4 effects concurrent evaporation system with heat pump. The simulation results show that the evaporation system developed is high efficiency and energy saving when above three energy conservation measures are used simultaneously and it is under the premise of satisfying the constraints,the steam consumption can save up to about 41% when the injection coefficient is 0.5 and pumping position are set to the second effect and the temperature of sugar cane juice is preheated to 90 ℃.

Abstract:Heating,hydroxy aluminium and rare earths La were adopted to modify the maifan stone obtained from Shandong Province and the properties of adsorption from simulation river water for the maifan stone were studied. the effects of adsorbent dosage,pH and reaction time on the adsorptive property of modified maifan stone were studied. Besides,through the BET,SEM and XRD,the structure and the mechanism of property modification were discussed,and also the adsorptive capability of the maifan stone in removing nitrogen and phosphorus was investigated.The results indicated that the modification by heating,hydroxy aluminium and rare earths La could significantly increase the adsorption capacity of the modified maifan stone for ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus. Rare earths La had the best modification effect and followed by hydroxy aluminium and heating. Simultaneously, The experimental results showed that with the pH 8,the total dosage 15 g/L and the reaction time 60 minutes,the removal efficiency of ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus of maifan stone modified by rare earths La will respectively be about 89% and 75%,which achieved the highest removal rate.

Abstract:The thermodynamic properties of 18 kinds of maize that in milky stage was studied by using differential scanning calorimetry(DSC). Effect of main components(the content of moisture,amylase,amylopectin,and protein) on their thermodynamic behaviors was then analyzed,and the correlations between the main components and their thermodynamic parameters obtained during pasting. The results showed that:the content of moisture,amylase,and amylopectin were all strongly and positively related to onset temperature(T0) and of peak temperature of pasting,but showed insignificant correlation with end temperature(TC) and enthalpy of pasting. In addition,a very significant correlations was found betwwen the end temperature(TC) and enthalpy value.

Abstract:Heparin/chitosan(HEP/CHI)5 microcapsules for anticoagulation were prepared by Layer-by-layer(LbL) technique. The stability of(HEP/CHI)5 microcapsules under pH 5.0 and 7.4,simulated gastric and intestinal juices conditions was studied respectively,APTT anticoagulant time and cytotoxicity of microcapsules against endothelial cells were estimated. Results indicated that(HEP/CHI)5 microcapsules were of spherical structure and stable in different simulated physiological milieus;they could behave favorable anticoagulant efficacy with no significant cytotoxicity. Thus,(HEP/CHI)5 microcapsules were promising for clinical heparin administration as a novel oral dosage form.

Abstract:Fish bone,containing plenty of collagen,is the main offal from fish fillet processing. The collagen from Tilapia bone after removing impurities was extracted by pepsin digestion in acid medium condition. The effects of extraction medium,temperature,material to liquid ratio,pepsin addition,extraction duration on yield of collagen were investigated. The optimum conditions using lactic acid as medium to extract collagen were pH 2.6,material to liquid ratio(w/v) 1∶30,30 ℃,200 U/g pepsin addition,extraction time 24 h,and the yield of extracted collagen reached 70.28%(12.76% when compared with the initial weight of Tilapia bone). Then,the extracted crude collagen was further purified and its physicochemical property was determined by the methods of SDS-PAGE,UV and FT-IR scanning,DSC,CD and amino acid analysis. The results indicated that the extracted Tilapia bone collagen belongs to typical collagenⅠwith two α and one β chains. Furthermore,the Tilapia bone collagen contains high percentages of Gly,Pro,Hyp,Glu and Ala and its denaturation temperature was 34.5 ℃. In conclusion,the extracted Tilapia bone collagen by pepsin digestion has a higher yield and purity.

Abstract:This manuscript was applied with recombinant plasmid PET-urate oxidase gene expressed from E.coli JM109(DE3) to study the conditions of fermentation and purification of recombinant urate oxidase. The freezing stored engineering bacteria were inoculated to seed culture medium which contained 1% agar for slant cultivation. We used lactose as inducer and fermentation was conducted in 300 L fermenter. Finally,2 700 g wet samples(1 200 U/g) were prepared and the aimed protein expression was about 30% proportions to soluble bacteria. After crushed by high-pressure quality machine,the ammonium sulphate precipitation from 40% to 60% saturation and Q-Sepharose FF ion-exchange chromatography,the purity of the obtained r-Urate Oxidase was up to 97% and 40% of final yield,as well as 30 U/mg of the specific activity. Additionally,the interference enzyme of catalase was also under standard conditions. The purified enzyme can be stored one year at 4 ℃ under sterile procedure and the activity can retain about 85%. The lyophilized powder can also be stored for one year and the activity have not been released. All results of this study could lay the theoretical foundation in medical application.

Abstract:The aim of this study is to optimize the prescription crafts of lanshen Lipid-lowering chewable tablet. Using the single factor experiment to filter the flavoring agents,binders,lubricants and tablet hardness;The effects of different mixtures of five components in lanshen lipid-lowering chewable tablet on smelling,tasting,texture,appearance,chewing and acceptability six indicators of the chewing tablet were studied using mixture design by the design-expert to determine the optimal formula. The results suggested that the optimal Formulation of lanshen Lipid-lowering chewable tablet is extract 32.000%,35.000% mannitol,lactose 26.000%,3.000% Mogrosides,menthol 0.600%,0.400% orange flavor,with 75% ethanol as a binder,2% talc,magnesium stearate 1% as a lubricant,tablet hardness of 60 N. Conclusion:The manufactured lanshen Lipid-lowering chewable tablet has a smooth surface,uniform color,taste good,moderate hardness,indicating that the formulation and process technology which is optimized by this method is stable and reliable.

Abstract:To establish an enzymatic assay for poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 and screen PARP inhibitors from 84 potential compounds. Crude PARP-1 was extracted from Sf9 insect cells. With nicked DNA as activator,PARP-1 was used to catalyze the hydrolysis of the substrate NAD+,the RFU value measured from the remaining NAD+ was used to evaluate the activity of PARP-1 or efficiency of PARP inhibitors. A 96-microwell screening method was set up by optimizing the reaction system．The screening method was assessed with high throughput index,such as Z' factor,signal to back ground (S/B) and validated by well-known PARP inhibitors such as PHE,DPQ and AZD2281. 84 compounds were assayed for PARP inhibition through the established method. The enzymatic reaction system was optimized as:12.5 nmol/L NAD+,15 μg/mL DNA,6.25×10-4 U PARP-1. The Z' factor is 0.76,S/B is 3.58 and the IC50 of PHE,DPQ and AZD2281 is 562.4 nmol/L,369.6 nmol/L and 6.8 nmol/L. There are 47 compounds showed 60% or more PARP-1 inhibition efficiency at the concentration of 7.4 μmol/L. An enzymatic assay of PARP-1 was successfully established. It can be effectively applied to high-throughput screening for PARP inhibitors．

Abstract:The fatty acids in veal have not been reported. A method for the determination of fatty acids from veal using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS) was presented. In this study,methylation of total fatty acids in veal were performed under reflux at 90 ℃ for 90 min. Totally 40 fatty acids were detected by retrieving NIST Library and standard reference materials. Saturated fatty acid content was 51.165%,and palmitic acid and stearic acid were the main substance. The content of unsaturated fatty acid was 48.835%,and oleic acid,linoleic acid and arachidonic acid were the main substance. There are rich polyunsaturated fatty acids and high nutritional value in veal.