Abstract:The main phenomenon on rapid impregnation treatment is the hydrodynamic mechanism, mass transfer mechanism and water diffusion. The control of impregnation solution pressure and its duration is the main methods for target ion and molecular rapid penetrate into agricultural products and food materials. The knowledge of rapid impregnation based on the change of environmental pressures is important in developing of functional foods and pickled foods. Effectiveness of impregnation of food materials is widely affected by several factors such as concentration of the external liquid, operation variables and food microstructure including porosity, pore size, various kinds of shape and gas or liquid occupying the pores. Due to its unique characteristics, Vacuum impregnation was considered a technology with high potential industrial applications. The target of this rapid impregnation method is to increase the mass transfer of solid-liquid operation such as osmotic dehydration, acidification, brining of fish, beef and chicken products. In order to provide references for domestic research in this field, the key technical factors on rapid impregnation(compression ratio, brine concentration, the length of environmental pressure periods, sample microstructure) widely used at present in agro-products and food materials were introduced, and operational characteristics of each factor were also summarized. When external pressure is change, sample deformations coupled with impregnation. Greatly deformed matrices may relax the more mechanical energy stored in their elastic structural elements. The greater the elastic character, the higher the volume recovery and the more impregnation effectiveness. Saturated brines were recommended in impregnation treatments for the acceleration of mass transfer through the sample. Nevertheless, the solution concentration profile at a determined overall solute uptake will be different depending on the brine concentration used. The length of the different pressure period in impregnation process is that necessary to achieve mechanical equilibrium inside the product. Then, the reestablishment of atmospheric pressure will lead to the substitution of the gas-liquid volume lost for the external liquid phase if no pore compression occurs. The length of this period could affect the impregnation level if no mechanical equilibrium is reach when restoring atmospheric pressure. With high sample porosity, solute was conducive to penetrate into the tissue. Therefore, one consequence of the important role of food microstructure in impregnation operations is a greater variability in the final solute content of the product. The research progress of each application in rapid impregnation for agro-products and foods were reviewed including brining, mineral fortified, probiotic enriched, anti-browning, osmotic dehydration, edible film coating. In addition, from an engineering point of view two advantages could be considered: 1. rapid processing; 2. low energy consumption. But problems existing in present research and development trends were also proposed.

Abstract:Chitin is the only basic amylose in nature and has excellent properties of biocompatibility and biodegradability. Molecular imprinting technology has become a research hotspot due to the simple, general and efficient characteristics, especial in preparing the polymer of high affinity and selectivity, good stability. Chitosan as the matrix and the functional monomer preparing molecularly imprinted polymer is one of the main direction in the present study, In this review, the application of chitosan involving separation technique in this field was summarized, and the research prospects of chitosan molecular imprinting technique were introduced.

Abstract:To give support to release the nitrogen catabolite repression(NCR), by rebuiling the ubiquitination system, the ubiquitination of NCR related permeases and regulators was detected. A fast ubiquitination detection procedure established before was modified and developed, which enhanced the fluorescence of the positive control and could quantify the fluorescence signal. The fluorescence quantification made this procedure more reliable. It was demonstrated that 5 of the NCR related proteins were ubiquitinated, 4 were not ubiquitinated and 1 was not determined. We not only established a reliable ubiquitination detection procedure, but also gave a idea to release NCR through the ubiquitination modification procedure.

Abstract:Phosphatidylinositol(PI) signaling system was critical in many plant developmental processes including seed development, growth and reproduction, aging and cell responses to environmental stress. Based on the construction of the transcriptome library and the expression profile of Camellia oleifera seeds both in the fruit expanding period and at the peak stage of lipid biosynthesis and oil synthesis, the key enzyme genes related to PI signaling system has been analyzed in detail. The research suggested that there are 212 non-redundant gene unigenes related to PI signaling sistem of Camellia oleifera seeds which mainly encode 12 kind of key enzyme proteins such as PIK, PIPK, PIS, DGK, PLC et al. The results of expression profile analysis showed that these genes have different expression patterns in different developmental stage of Camellia oleifera seeds. The findings will be in favor of the research of interaction between IP pathway and other signaling pathways and provide a scientific basis for Camellia oleifera breeding of good quality.

Abstract:Based on the bioinformatics and genomics analysis, a glycoside hydrolase(GH) family 26 gene, Auman26A, which encodes β-mannanase mature peptide was cloned from Aspergillus usamii E001 by RT-PCR. Then, it was successfully expressed in Pichia pastoris GS115. The recombinant enzyme(reAuMan26A) activity of the fermentation supernatant towards locust bean gum was 281.9 U/mL. The specific activity of the purified enzyme was 2281.7 U/mg. The optimal temperature of reAuMan26A was 40 ℃. After incubating at 80 ℃ and 90 ℃ for 60 min, the residual activities were 60% and 33%, respectively. The half-life (t1/290) of reAuMan26A at 90 ℃ was 10 min. The optimal pH of reAuMan26A was 5.5, and it was stable over a range of pH 5.0~7.0. Its activity was not significantly affected by metal ions and EDTA, but inhibited by Fe2+ and Fe3+. Its most favorable substrate was locust bean gum, followed by konjac flour and guar gum. The Km and Vmax of reAuMan26A towards locust bean gum were 15.25 mg/mL and 7 841.9 U/mg, respectively. The superior properties of reAuMan26A, especially the excellent thermostability, make it have the broad application prospects in food, paper making and textile industry.

Abstract:The differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes were stimulated with/without tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), then treated with berberine, ginsenosides Rb1, and both berberine and ginsenosides Rb1. The expression of TNF-α, interleukin-6(IL-6), resistin, adiponectin, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1) were detected with real time quantitative PCR. The phosphorylation of IKK-beta and JNK were examined with western blotting. The results indicated that berberine can inhibit the expressions of inflammatory factors and inflammatory signaling transduction in adipocytes, but ginsenoside Rb1 doesn't produce obvious inhibitory effects, while rosiglitazone used as positive control drug. When combined with ginsenoside Rb1, the inhibitory effects to 3T3-L1 adipocytes of berberine are weakened, either with or without the stimulation of TNF-α.

Abstract:In the study, the monascus red pigment LA, monascus red pigment LND, beta-carotene, caramel pigment and mixed pigments were used to dye and dry the bean dregs. It was studied that the change of water content and color of the bean dregs during the hot-air drying. The stability of the dry dyed bean dregs was investigated under different storage conditions, and the effect of bean dregs composition on dyeing of bean dregs was researched. The results showed that the color of the dyed bean dregs which was dried at (90±5)℃ for 60 min was steady. The water content fell to 5% after 90 min. The optimum storage was refrigeration, light-resistant and oxygen-free. Secondly, it was store without light and oxygen at room temperature. The worst condition was store with light and oxygen at room temperature.

Abstract:Study on the effects of boiling, Whipping and sanding process through single factor and orthogonal test on the quality of milk candy. Results showed that that the milk candy's chewing was the best when boiling temperature was 125~130 ℃. The milk candy's density with increasing whipping time first decreased then increased, moisture decreased finally tends to be stable. in the range of 1 to 2 min after adding the sugar water milk powder reduced quickly; The study found that when stirring temperature is low, milk candy springiness and chewiness was better, temperature has little effect on the final density of milk candy; Orthogonal test showed that the sugar crystallization, milk candy stirred the primary factor temperature sand. Secondly, it was the sugar crystallization adding and the stirring intensity. Finally the optimal plan from orthogonal experiment was that kneading temperature was 50 ℃, kneading intensity was 20 Hz, the sugar crystallization addition level as 5%.

Abstract:The aim of this study is to explore the main nutritional ingredients of Catopsilia pomona larva and pupa, to provide a theoretical basis for the edible development of C. pomona larva and pupa. The contents of fat, protein, mineral elements and amino acids of C. pomona larva and pupa were determined by using the national standard methods. The amino acid score and essential amino acid index were analyzed. The contents of protein, fat and mineral elements of C. pomona larva and pupa were compared with that nutrition contents of the common foods. The results show that C. pomona larva and pupa are abundant content of mineral elements, the content of fat, protein, total amino acid, the essential amino acid is 10.9%, 56.8%, 364.4mg/g and 34.7% in C. pomona larva, and 9.9%, 69.0%, 458.1mg/g and 35.6% in pupa, respectively. The ratio of essential amino acids and nonessential amino acids are 0.53 and 0.55. Their essential amino acid indexes are 0.83 and 0.74. Therefore, C. pomona larval and pupa have high nutritional value and can be used for food development.

Abstract:DNA traceability technology is based on DNA sequence different between individuals for individual identification and trace-back technology. Genetic diversity of 24 microsatellite markers were examined in the test groups(11 species, 192 individuals). 11 microsatellite markers were screened for pork traceability by heterozygosity and polymorphism information content. The further slaughterhouse traceability experiment was carried out and the results show that 11 microsatellite markers could distinguish 100 individuals. 10 collected tissue samples showed the same genotypes and belonged to No. 43 individual. This study has shown that microsatellite markers could be used for individual identification and pork traceability.

Abstract:With the aim to improve the ACE-inhibitory activity of hydrolysates from silkworm pupae protein, a pretreatment method of the coupled ultrasound-ionic liquids was used. Taking ACE-inhibitory activity as index, the technology conditions of silkworm pupae protein pretreatment by the coupled ultrasound-ionic liquids were determined with single factor experiments and response surface methodology. In addition, the molecular weight changes of silkworm pupae protein and its hydrolysate after pretreatment were studied by Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(SDS-PAGE). The results indicated that the effect sequence of three main factors for ACE-inhibitory activity from big to small was as follows: liquid-solid ratio, ultrasonic power, pretreatment time. The optimal pretreatment conditions were as follows: liquid-solid ratio 27.2 mL/g, pretreatment time 31.9 min, ultrasonic power 406.8 W. Under the optimal pretreatment conditions, the average ACE-inhibitory rate of silkworm pupae protein hydrolysate was 75.7% (IC50=0.071 mg/mL). Compared with the un-pretreatment and ultrasound pretreatment, the pretreatment of the coupled ultrasound-ionic liquids has obvious advantages in increasing ACE-inhibitory activity of silkworm pupae protein hydrolysate. After the coupled ultrasound-ionic liquids pretreatment, the molecular weight of silkworm pupae protein has no significant change, while the molecular weight of its hydrolysate(<1.43 ku) becomes smaller.

Abstract:The RP-HPLC analysis of was performed on a Merck C18 column(4.6×250 mm, 5 μm) for simultaneous determination of the contents of five alkaloids(strychnine, brucine, strychnine N-oxide, brucine N-oxide and vomicine) in Strychnos nux-vomica L.. The mobile phase was a mixture of acetonitrile(A) and aqueous(B), gradient elution, the flow rate was 1.0 mL/min, the detection wavelength was at 260 nm, and the column temperature was at 35 ℃. The linear range of strychnine, brucine, strychnine N-oxide, brucine N-oxide and vomicine was 14.64~468.48 μg/mL, 11.625~372.0 μg/mL, 0.555~17.76 μg/mL, 0.891~28.512 μg/mL and 2.5~80.0 μg/mL, respectively. The average recovery of these five alkaloids was 100.3%, 101.7%, 97.7%, 98.8% and 99.6%, respectively. With the total content of five alkaloids as the indexes, the extraction conditions of total alkaloids from S. nux-vomica, such as solvent amounts, concentration and extraction times, were optimized by L9(33) orthogonal experimental design. The optimal extraction process was heat reflux extraction with 20-fold, 70% acidic alcohol for 4 times, one hour for each time. Under this optimum condition, the total content of the five alkaloids of the extraction was 3.633%. The RP-HPLC method was simple, accurate and suitable for simultaneous determination of strychnine, brucine, strychnine N-oxide, brucine N-oxide and vomicine of S. nux-vomica. The optimization of the extraction process of the total alkaloids was more comprehensive and reliable because of the total content of the five alkaloids as the indicator.

Abstract:In order to carry out researching of delaying Goutou jujube fruit ripening by regulation of ethylene synthesis with RNAi technology, a pair of specific primers were designed according to ACC I oxidase gene sequence of Zizyphus jujube(Dongzao) recorded in GenBank. Using test-tube plantlet total DNA from "Goutou jujube" as template, a fragment of ACC I oxidase gene including an ORF(1 294 bp) was amplified. The results showed that the fragment has four exons and three introns, turn in at 106~201, 430~541 and 877~1 002 bp base. Compared with nucleotide sequence and amino acid sequence homology of ACC I oxidase gene(EU216549.1) landed were 99.69%, which showed the successful cloning of the Goutou jujube ACC I oxidase gene.

Abstract:The salt-tolerance lactic acid bacteria strain was isolationed and identified from soy sauce mash in this study. The ability producing lactic acid was studied in different culture conditions. The salt-tolerance lactic acid bacteria strain was isolationed and screened by MRS medium with CaCO3 and NaCl gradient plate from soy sauce mash. They were identified according to morphorlogy characters and 16S ribosomal RNA(rRNA) gene sequencing methods. The ability producing lactic acid was studied at different fermentation temperature, NaCl concentration and pH value. The results showed: the strain with superior salt-tolerant was identified as Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus. The optimum temperature was 38 ℃. When NaCl concentration was 18%, the titer of lactic acid reach at 22.68 g/L. furthermore, it was found that a a high lactic acid production was achieved at a neutral or slight alkaline environmental .

Abstract:The paper studied the possibility of the snailase in pre-treatment of cotton fabric. Firstly, the enzyme stability of snailase was studied in detail. The activity of cellulase, amylase and pectinase was determined under different pH and temperature. The process conditions for snailase complex wereoptimized. Secondly, gray cotton fabric was scoured by snailase in the optimal condition. Results showed snailase has a good effect on pectin and wax removal. When the concentration of snailase reached 15 g/L, pectin removal and cotton wax removal efficiency was about 50.7% and 39.4%, while the weight loss was 4.2%. At last, the scouring effect of snailase such as wetting time and whiteness was tested. The results showed that the wetting time of cotton fabric decreased quickly, while the whiteness changed slightly.

Abstract:In this study, the enhancement of reductive degradation of 2, 4-DCP at biocathode using BES was investigated. It was found that the removal efficiency could be improved with the 2, 4-DCP acclimatization on biocathode microbes. Besides, the reaction rate constant of the degradation trend curve of 2, 4-DCP reached 0.640 and 0.321 in the case of biocathode group and abiotic cathode group, respectively.Moreover, the introduction of biocathode could enhance the electrochemical characteristics of BES, namely, the cyclic voltammetry curve, power density curve and polarization curve, and finally led to the efficient degradation of 2, 4-DCP.

Abstract:Effective components were extracted from deer blood by ethanol in this study, firstly separated through the MCI column, and then purified by ODS reversed phase chromatographic column, repeated separation. Finally, three kinds of compounds were extracted., their structures were identified by 1HNMR, 13CNMR et al: the compound Ⅰwas △4, 14-androstene-2 alkanol-28, 30 Cyclopentadiene heptanoic acid ester-3 ketone; the compound Ⅱwas △4, 14-androstene-2, 19 alkanol-28, 30 Cyclopentadiene heptanoic acid ester-3 ketone; the compound Ⅲ was △4, 14-androstene-2 alkanol-27, 29 Cyclopentadiene hexyl ether -3 ketone.The results shown that three compounds are all male hormone derivatives, they are all firstly reported in deer blood.