Abstract:In this review,the methods for separating and analyzing ionic liquids using high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC),ion chromatography(IC),liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS) and capillary electrophoresis(CE) are examined.

Abstract:Total proteins of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was extracted and separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis(2-DE) in this study. Different sample preparation methods,different parameters of the gel and different staining methods were compared for the optimization of 2-DE. Finally,2D-gel without obvious vertical and horizontal stripes,with low background,high resolution and good reproducibility was obtained. Analyzed by the PD-Quest software,about 1 000 protein spots were isolated from the 2-DE protein map. The construction of 2-DE protein map provide a firm basis for the follow-up nitrogen metabolism study.

Abstract:Ovalbumin hydrolyzate was prepared by pepsin and trypsin hydrolysis. Two hydrolyzate fractions with antibacterial activity F21 and F22,were separated by A咬KTA protein purification systems,dialysis,and RP-HPLC. The effects of F21 and F22 on cell membrane permeability and membrane integrity and their DPPH o radical scavenging ability were also investigated. The inhibition rates of 50 μg/mL of F21 and F22 on Escherichia coli were 84.6% and 22.5%respectively,and the inhibition rates on Staphylococcus aureus were 53.3% and 29.6%.Galactosidase release and flow cytometry analysis showed that the two fractions could destroy Escherichia coli cell membrane permeability and membrane integrity. In addition,they could effectively scavenge DPPH o radical. When the concentrations were 2.0 mg/mL,the DPPH o radical scavenging abilities of the two fractions were close to the scavenging ability of 1.0 mg/mL GSH. As a result,ovalbumin hydrolysate could be used as antibacterial agents and antioxidants in further exploitation.

Abstract:Making use of a definite molecular weight polyacylic acid sodium as dispersant to purify superoxide dismutase from blood,and to explore the effect of different molecular weight of PAAS on SOD activity of blood,in consideration of the purification materials of the ion exchange chromatography and gel filtration chromatography was expensive,so as to explore a suitable method of the SOD purification for the industrialized mass production.Making use of cheap materials such as:chitosan,IDA and epichlorohydrin to synthesis a new type of filler,according to the principle of chelating chromatography,raw protein was removed and electrophoresis pure level superoxide dismutase was obtained,the enzyme activity was further improved,the self-made materials can take place of the tradition materials such as Sephedex DEAE-sepherose-fast flow.The results of the SDS-PAGE of the crud enzyme after ultrafiltration by ion exchange chromatography showed a single band obviously,and reached the electrophoresis purity,the enzyme activity is up to 5 585 u/mg, 6 148 u/mg,4 739 u/mg,and the product yield is 18.1%,13.7%,15.5% respectively,active recovrery is 61.2%,50.8%,42.6% resectively after purification.The low molecular weight polyacrylic acid is more suitable in the Purification process of blood is suitable as a polymer electrolyte to purify the blood SOD,the medium and high molecular weight PAAS are not appropriate for industrialized purification application.

Abstract:This experiment was conducted to study the effects of probiotics on growth,pH value of feces,colonization of certain strain and bacterial communities of intestine in weanling pigs. The results showed that,benefit bacterial can be colonized successfully in intestine after probiotic application for eight weeks,the daily gain was significantly increased(P<0.05) whereas both feed gain ratio and diarrhea rate of weanling pigs were decreased significantly(P<0.05). Besides,growth response of piglets to probiotic displayed a time dependent pattern. It was most efficiency at early stages after weaned when acid environment can be maintain that would be benefit for piglets growth. Moreover,the number of beneficial bacterial was increased but the number of harmful bacterial were decreased in the piglets intestine after probiotic application.

Abstract:Sialyl lewis x(Slex) was one of the common glyco ligands of the selectin family. Slex combining with the inflammatory cells competitively could make inflammation reaction restrain efficiently. Clone and expression of the key enzymes in the biosynthesis process of Slex made the biosynthesis process of Slex in vitro possible,and it was also good for some related research of biological agents. Alpha-(1,3)-fucosyltransferase(FT) was the very one of the key enzymes in the biosynthesis process of Slex. In order to understand some related physicochemical properties of the FT gene,its sequence was analyzed by using approaches of bioinformatics online. The FT gene was inserted into a recombinant plasmid pMD19-T,and subcloned to the expression plasmid pPIC9K later. The linear expression plasmid pPIC9K-GT was integrated to the genome of Pichia pastoris GS115 by electrotransformation. After inducible expression,the soluble target protein was detected by SDS-PAGE. The result demonstrated that successfully expressed in P. pastoris GS115.

Abstract:In this manuscript,effect of the extremely low frequency alternating magnetic field on the specific and relative activity of catalase was investigated. The results suggested that magnetic field intensity,frequency and pH would generally decrease the specific and relative activity with the treatment time. But temperature changed specific and relative activity in a different way. The relative activity increased dramatically in the temperature of 55 ℃,reaching 2 142.86% at the time of 4 hours which was the highest point. According to circular dichroism(CD) results,the number of α helix and β fold in 25 ℃ magnetic field treatment was less than the control group,but the result was opposite in 55 ℃,which indicated that catalase might form a relatively resistant to high temperature structure.

Abstract:with the Rhodamine B content in extract as index, the optimum parameters,including dispersant type,the ratio of dispersing agent and sample,composition of the eluent and elute volume,of extracting Rhodamine B from chili were investigated by using orthogonal design L16(45).The optimum conditions for extracting Rhodamine B from chili powder are as follows:dispersant type is silica gel,the ratio of dispersing agent and sample is 1∶1,composition of the eluent is 80% of acetonitrile,elute volume is 20 mL. The optimum conditions for extracting Rhodamine B from pepper oil are as follows:dispersant type is neutral aluminum oxide,the ratio of dispersing agent and sample is 2 ∶1,composition of the eluent is 80% of methanol,elute volume is 20 mL. The optimum conditions for extracting Rhodamine B from chili paste are as follows:dispersant type is neutral aluminum oxide,the ratio of dispersing agent and sample is 3∶1,composition of the eluent is80% of acetonitrile,elute volume is 5 mL. The extraction method is simple,convenient,less material consumption and less organic solvent.

Abstract:The effect of ammonia concentration on anaerobic digestion via food wastes was indicated in this study. The results suggested that the ammonia inhibition was affected on the two biogas production peaks during the food waste digestion process. The two maximum biogas production rates under maximum ammonia concentration were 44.8% and 45% of the control and the timepoints of which,compared with the control,were delayed 6 hours and 42 hours,respectively. The IC50ammonia inhibition of food waste digestion was 7 860 mg/L,which was speculated from the fact that the increase of ammonia concentration in the reaction system led to the lowering of total organic carbon removal. The increase of ammonia concentration lead to the excessive accumulation of volatile fatty acids,and the utilization rates of VFAs were also appropriate slow down.

Abstract:This manuscript investigated the key processing conditions of instant fish cake,and analysis of the impact of processing materials,studied the best formula.The key processing conditions were optimized and listed as follows:washing the fish meat with 5 time of water twice; pounding the dehydrated fish meat for 5 min(without adding salt),20 min(adding salt) and 5min(combined with blending); gelating the surimi for 2 h at 40 ℃;frying for 70 s at 160 ℃ and sterilizing the caned fish cake for 12 min at 115 ℃. The formula of fish cake(mass ratio,%) was as follows: Cirrhinus molitorella meat 74%,salt 2%,Tg enzyme 0.2%,starch 10%,fat pork 10%, Chives 0.5%,MSG 0.5%,water 2.8%.

Abstract:The process parameters for the microwave-assisted extraction of cAMP from Hetianyuzao systemically was investigated in the study,and the results were compared with the traditional solvent extraction and ultrasonic-assisted extraction methods.The processing parameters of extracting cAMP from Hetian jade jujube with microwave-assisted extraction were obtained and listed as follows that:ethanol concentration 10%,microwave-assisted power 300 W,microwave-assisted extraction time3min,soak period 6 h,liquid/solid ratio 1 ∶30;Under the optimal extraction conditions,the yield of cAMP was 795.63 μg/(g·dw). The effect sequence of four main factors for the yield were as follows: microwave time>microwave power>liquid/solid ratio>soak period time. Microwave-assisted method extracted more cAMP than that of the traditional solvent extraction during short time,and extracted more cAMP than ultrasonic wave-assisted extraction with low energy consumption. The separation efficiency of cAMP by LS-200 was 97.81%,in 3.47% purity.

Abstract:The effects of five different kinds of corn steep liquor(domestic batch and solulys048K, solulys 095K,solulys 095E,No.120924,provided by Roquette Company) on succinic acid fermentation by Actinobacillus succinogenes NJ113 were studied. The feasibility of replacing yeast extract with corn steep liquor 095K and No.120924 as cheap nitrogen source was also studied. The results showed that 095K can replace yeast extract completely and the optimal replacement ratio was 60%-80% when using No.120924. The contents of amine acids,vitamins and metallic elements of corn steep liquor 095K were determined and the effect of the key ingredients on succinic acid production was studied by orthogonal experiment. A optimal combination of the six kinds of ingredients(glutamic acid,threonine,arginine,methionine,biotin and nicotinic acid) was obtained, and the yield of succinic acid was increased by 41.8% compared with that of the control.

Abstract:Using an orthogonal design,this study was carried out to optimize the extraction conditions to extract essential oil from Mosla Chinensis Maxim cv. Jiangxiangru. The optimum extraction conditions were determined as material to liquid ratio 1∶15(g/mL),soaking time 0.5 h and extraction time 6 h,with an extraction yield was 0.934%. After applying an appropriate mathematical model to fit the experimental data during the extraction process under the optimum extraction conditions,the kinetic equation between extraction yield and extraction time could be expressed as ln(V0-V) =-0.758 1t +0.830 8,K =0.758 1,A =0.830 8(R2=0.988 4). Orthogonal experimental results showed that the extraction time had a statistically significant impact on the extraction yield of essential oil. With successful simulation of the real extraction process,the kinetic equation could effectively reflect the relationship between the extraction yield and extraction time of essential oil from Mosla Chinensis Maxim cv. Jiangxiangru.

Abstract:The method of simultaneous determination of five kinds of artificial sweetener neotame, aspartame,sodium cyclamate,sodium saccharin,acesulfame content was established by HPCE with UV-Vis detector in this manuscript. The fused silica capillary with uncoated inner wall(50 μm×75 cm,effective length 60 cm) was used,and the capillary was kept at 25 ℃. 0.2 mol/L borate(pH= 8.29) was adopted as electrophoresis buffer at +23 kV separation voltage. The sample was injected under 3.45 kPa pressure for 3.0 seconds,and detection wavelength being set at 200 nm. The linear regression equation correlation coefficient r for five kinds of sweeteners was between 0.999 21 and 0.999 89. The detection limit of five kinds of sweeteners was in the range of 2.2~552.6 mg/L. The spiked recoveries were within the range from 96.29% to 102.31%,and the relative standard deviation was kept between 3.81% and 6.40%. Conclusion The method is simple,sensitive,rapid, reliable and well reproducible,it can be used for the determination of five sweeteners in food simultaneously.

Abstract:In this manuscript,water soluble polysaccharides were extracted from Tilia amurensis Rupr. flowers by microwave-assisted method was developed. The effect of microwave time,microwave power and ratio of raw material to liquid on the yield of polysaccharides was investigated and the microwave-assisted extraction process was optimized by response surface method. According to quadratic regression model,the optimum extraction parameters was 9 min,585 W and 1∶67(g∶mL). Under this optimum conditions,the yield of polysaccharides in theory was achieved at 12.57%.The physical and chemical properties experiment and infrared spectrum analysis indicated that polysaccharides extracted from Tilia amurensis Rupr. flowers presented typical properties of polysaccharides. The antioxidant activity in vitro of polysaccharides from Tilia amurensis Rupr. was evaluated by determining the reducing power,scavenging capacities on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical and hydroxyl free radical and the inhibition effect on lipid peroxidation induced by ferrous ion. The results showed that polysaccharides from Tilia amurensis Rupr. had certain reducing power,scavenging capacities on free radical and inhibition effect on lipid peroxidation,which were appreciably weaker than ascorbic acid(VC).

Abstract:The hyperlipidemia model in SD rats was established and rats stomached in this manuscript. Through the determination of blood lipid and liver pathological changes in model rats, effect of Flat-European hybrid hazelnut oil on reducing blood lipid and preventing fatty liver were examined. The results showed that the levels of lipid between the model group and the control group were significantly different. The hyperlipidemia model was established. The rats gastric lavage results showed that rats fed soybean oil and Flat-European hybrid hazelnut oil low doses,middle doses and high doses total cholesterol(TC) content were significantly decreased by 13%,13%,16% and 16% compared to the high fat control group. Compared to the high fat control group rats triglyceride(TG) content were obviously different and reduced to 24%,24%,50% and 47%, respectively. Rats low density lipoprotein(LDL-C) content compared to the high fat control group were decreased by 1%,4%,6% and 26%. The rats high density lipoprotein(HDL-C) content were significantly increased 28%,32%,41% and 44%. Rats blood glucose(GLU),malonaldehyde(MDA),atherosclerosis index AI1,AI2 and coronary index(R-CHR) were significantly decreased and showed a positive correlation with hazelnut oil dose. Continuous feeding Flat-European hybrid hazelnut oil helped to reduce lipid deposition in liver in hyperlipidemia rats,had certain protective effect on rat liver cells.