Abstract:Indigestible dextrin is low-calorie dietary fiber,with many physiological functions such as reducing blood fat and pressure,preventing blood glucose increase and diseases,enhancing stomach function and facilitating proliferation of probiotic bacteria. Since the people pay more and more attention on the healthcare function of food,indigestible dextrin will have a broad market prospect. To promote its sustainable and healthy development,the physical,chemical and structure property,research progress,physiological function,application field and market profile of indigestible dextrin were summarized and analyzed in this manuscript.

Abstract:Tetramethylpyrazine(TTMP) also known as 1igustiazine,is a key flavor of Chinese liquor. To clear the formation mechanism of TTMP in Chinese liquor,the formation mechanism of TTMP in bacterial Qu was explored with a single strain of B. subtilis S12 under simulated conditions of bacterial Qu preparation. The results revealed that the synthesis of TTMP can be divided into two stages:the 3-hydroxy-2-butanone and ammonia are mainly synthesized by B. subtilis S12 firstly;then the acetoin and ammonium ion undertake chemical reaction and produce 2,3,5,6-TTMP under high temperature in the thermal power stage. The results signified that high temperature was favorable for increasing TTMP production.

Abstract:The enzymatic properties of xanthine oxidase(XOD) from Arthrobacter M3 were first investigated,and then modified sepharose 4B mediums and macroporous ion exchange resins were used to immobilize XOD in order to enhance the enzyme stability. The results showed that this enzyme was a heterodimer with a molecular weight of 135 000. The optimal reaction temperature and pH for XOD were 37 ℃ and 7.5,respectively. The stabilities of the covalently immobilized XOD on the modified sepharose 4B mediums were higher than that on macroporous ion exchange resins. Furthermore,the immobilized XOD on sepharose 4B-glutamate medium(Sepharose-Glu) showed the optimum stability. After incubation at 50 ℃ for 3 h,the immobilized XOD on Sepharose-Glu medium still maintained 48.3% of its initial activity,and the half-life of this immobilized enzyme increased by 160% compared to the free enzyme. In addition,acid-alkali tolerance of this immobilized XOD was also improved.

Abstract:In order to obtain antioxidative peptides from Spirulina platensis,this study was performed to optimize the enzymatic hydrolysis process of Spirulina platensis by papain and to purify antioxidant peptides from digests of Spirulina platensis by ultra-filtration and gel filtration chromatography,and the antioxidative activity was also determined in vitro. The results indicated that the optimum hydrolysis conditions of papain were given as follows:ratio of enzyme to substrate 1.6%,temperature 60 ℃,hydrolysis time 9 h,pH 7. The hydrolysates with molecular weights ranging from 0 to 3 000 had the most potent antioxidative activity. This fraction of the hydrolysate was purified by gel chromatography to obtain antioxidative peptides with higher activity. The DPPH radical scavenging rate,hydroxyl radical scavenging rate and total antioxidant capacity of the purified antioxidative peptides were equivalent to those of(1.01±0.07)×10-2mg/mL,(4.77±0.28)× 10-1mg/mL and(3.79±0.81)×10-2mg/mL ascorbic acid solution respectively,suggesting that the antioxidative peptides from Spirulina platensis possess high antioxidative activity.

Abstract:In this manuscript, the antioxidant activities in vitro and triple helix structure of the different chemical modified on Ophiopogon Japonicus polysaccharide,which extracted by hot water and ultra-sound were investigated. They were modified by suflation,phosphorylation and carboxymethylation,and characterized them by IR. Finally assay their antioxidant activities and determined the triple helix structure with Congo red experiment. Results showed that these polysaccharides all have a certain degree of antioxidant activities in vitro,which the effect of ultrasound extraction is better than that of the hot waterextraction. Moreover they significantly decrease the DPPH and superoxide anion radicals,but they had little scavenging effect on the hydroxyl radicals. After modified,the polysaccharides show the triple helix structure,however the unmodified polysaccharides were not express the triple helix structure.

Abstract:The purpose of this study was to extract and purify one lectin from the Pleurotus ferulae Lenzi,the basic physical and chemical properties of lectins were obtained,and build a solid foundation at the further PPL’s exploration in the immunomodulatory activity in theory. The highly purified lectin received through PBS extraction of fruit body mash,salting out with ammonium sulfate,freeze-drying,ion-exchange chromatography and Sepharose-4B affinity chromatography. Determinate the titer of hemagglutination by mice blood and the hemagglutinating effect as preliminary study on the physical and chemical properties of the lectin. The hemagglutination activities of PPL was destroyed after treatment with temperature higher than 70℃ or the pH lower than 2 and higher than 10. The qualities of the lectin are stable in the pH 4~9. when the Salinity increase,the activity decrease and D-galactose is the best inhibitors of letins,cations have different effects on the hemagglutinating activity of lectin.

Abstract:In this manuscript, the electrical properties of pickling cucumbers were studied based on a parallel-plate measurement system over the frequency range from 20 Hz to12 MHz at room temperature. The traditional indicators of cucumber including firmness,total soluble solids,free amino acids,nitrite,ash,moisture and salt content were also measured regularly to analyze the correlation between quality indices and electrical parameters during pickling. Over the entire frequency range,the Cp value of pickling cucumber decreased as frequency increased and demonstrated a continuous increase with salting time. Linear relationships were evident between the log of frequency and the log of CP with the correlation coefficients of 0.982. The significant correlation between impedance(Z) and total solids,firmness,ash and salt content was showed at 0.1kHz with the correlation coefficients of 0.867,0.791,-0.874,-0.974 respectively. At 0.1 MHz,the highest correlations were reported between moisture content and phase angle(θ) with the correlation coefficients of-0.848. For both parameters,data of the parallel equivalent capacitance(Cp) and admittance(Y) would be potential for predicting free amino acids and salt content.

Abstract:The effect of amylose content on pasting and rheological properties of corn starches(waxy,normal and high-amylose corn starch)/guar gum mixtures were studied. The mechanism of interaction between amylose and guar gum was also analyzed. Rapid visco-analysis(RVA) data showed that guar gum addition increased the peak,breakdown,final,and setback viscosities of starches. This effect was more pronounced for normal corn starch than waxy corn starch. The pasting temperature of the waxy corn starch /guar gum mixtures was higher than the control,while quite an opposite result was obtained,for the normal corn starch,where the addition of guar gum lowered the pasting temperature. Flow tests showed that all pastes exhibited time-dependent shear-thinning (thixotropic) with yield stress behavior in which the hysteresis loop areas were significantly decreased by guar gum addition,whereas the other rheological parameters varied differently among the samples. The results could be attributed to interactions between the hydrocolloids molecules and amylose molecules. Dynamic shear data revealed that weak gel-like behavior in all paste samples,and dynamic modulus of each system responded to guar gum in a different way,depending on the amylose content of corn starch. The amylose content is higher,the effect of interactions between amylose and gum is more significant. This effect led to all mixed gels softer.

Abstract:Biosynthesis of protein and amino acids by Chlorella vulgaris inoculated in different culture modes were studied,respectively. Chlorella strain was cultivated to synthesize protein in autotrophism,heterotrophism and mixotrophism models,respectively. The results were as follows:the mixotrophic algal cell could accumulate higher biomass,with a specific growth rate and productivity of 0.526 d-1and 0.318 mg/(L·d),respectively. Its high protein productivity was of 0.097 g/(L·d), but the protein content in autotrophic Chlorella was the highest(52.1%),which the algal protein contained 18 kinds of amino acids in the three models and the percentage of essential amino acids was 40.0% of the total;under heterotrophism and mixotrphism models,proportions of amino acids from the algal protein were rather similar,compared with the algae in autotrophism model,proportions of Cys-s,Tyr and Met were the significant difference,additionally Cys-s proportions in the previous two were about 78.57% higher than the later,while proportions of Tyr and Met were about 27.59% and 33.33% lower than the previous two,respectively. Consequently,biosynthesis of protein and proportion of the algal amino acids were both significantly influenced in the culture models.

Abstract:In this manuscript,the effects of the different desalting methods,such as clear water immersion,desalting agent,pricking,oscillation and vacuum reverse infiltration on the salt content of the half-dried grass carp were investigated,with the electrical conductivity,soluble protein content and chromatic aberration of soak liquid as parameters. The experiment results showed that the desalination times of 3% salt content in fish were vacuum reverse infiltration < oscillation < pricking < clear water immersion. Adding 1.5% trehalose can maintain better product quality,the oscillation was an effective desalination treatment base on desalination rate and loss of nutrients, and vacuum reverse infiltration was an effective means of rapid desalting.

Abstract:In this manuscript,the effect of Staphylococcus aureus DNA hybridize special molecular beacon on the fluorescence intensity was determined to designed a probe to sensitive to Staphylococcus aureus DNA. The method using unique molecular beacon combined with ATMND dye which embed into absent site to hybridize complementary Staphylococcus aureus specific DNA sequence,resulting in stem-loop structure phase change and the ATMND dye is excited fluorescence. Different concentration of Staphylococcus aureus DNA hybrid with designed molecular beacon and observe the changes of fluorescence intensity. Finally,the standard strains DNA were used to verify the sensitivity to the probe. The probe has high sensitive to Staphylococcus aureus target DNA,along with high concentration of target DNA. Compared with other Salmonella,Escherichia coli,Enterobacter sakazakii,Listeria monocytogenes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa,the probe has more obvious fluorescence recovery ability. The fluorescence signal increased along with the increase of Staphylococcus aureus DNA concentration,the probe has a certain specificity in identification of Staphylococcus aureus DNA.

Abstract:The factors of chemical immobilization of transglutaminase on polypropylene membrane were studied. The conditions of graft polymerization were optimized by using response surface methodology,and the optimal conditions of immobilization were determined by experiments. The results indicate that the optimum graft polymerization conditions as followings:distance of ultraviolet was 10.1 cm,consistency of methyl-methacrylate was 18.85%,and the time of ultraviolet was 21.4 minutes. The best grafting degree of the membrane was 34.62%. The conditions of immobilization was:consistency of hexamethylendiamine was 20%,at 50 ℃ for 90 min and consistency of glutaraldehyde was 2%,at 30 ℃ for 40 minutes,consistency of enzyme was 15 mg/mL,at 4 ℃ for 24 hours.

Abstract:This manuscript investigated the ultra-fine pulverization of barley plant powders,then the characteristics and thermosensitive compositions were determined by TGA. The results showed that the barley plant micropowders exhibited a narrower size distribution,higher uniformity and easier quality control. The thermosensitive composition would cause a certain losses when the barley plant meal was pulverized. By study the repose angle and bulk density of barley plant micropowders and its effect on color and extract content,these experiments demonstrated that the average particle size of barley plant micropowders ranging from 80 to 90 μm possessed better quality in comprehensive utilization and had an advantage in the product application.

Abstract:This study analyzed the effects of squid ink melanin-Fe(SM-Fe) on IDA in rats. Fiftysix weanling Sprague-Dawley male rats were used,and 48 rats were fed an iron-deficient diet for 4 weeks. Then,SM-Fe(dosage of iron 6 mg/kg BW,12 mg/kg BW and 18 mg/kg BW) were given to the IDA rats once a day for 3 weeks by intragastric administration,with FeCl3 and FeSO4(dosage of iron 6 mg/kg BW) as positive controls. The IDA model group and the control groups were given distilled deionized water per day for 3 weeks. The content of hemoglobin(Hb),serum iron(SI),total iron binding capacity(TIBC),serum ferritin(SF),transferrin receptor(sTfR),erythropoietin(EPO),and iron contents in liver and spleen were measured. The results showed that the content of Hb,SI,SF,EPO,and iron contents in liver and spleen were significantly increased in the iron supplement groups(SM-Fe,FeCl3and FeSO4) compared with the model group(P<0.05),while TIBC and sTfR were significantly decreased in the iron supplement groups compared with the model group(P <0.05). In comparison with the FeCl3and FeSO4groups,higher bioavailability of iron and fewer side effects were observed in the SM-Fe group. The present study indicated that SM-Fe is an effective source of iron supplementation for IDA rats and might be exploited as a new iron fortifier.

Abstract:In this manuscript,a kind of low-alcohol-content EF wines was produced by co-fermented EF seed kernel and glutinous rice in a specific ratio was developed. The major nutrients, polyphenol components in the EF wines and the antioxidant activities were also investigated. The results showed that high contents of protein,essential amino acids and total phenols were found in the new and aging EF wines,the wines,especially aging EF wine,have good flavor and some quality characters have reached a semi-dry rice wine national standards. The HPLC analysis results showed that four kinds of polyphenol components were identified form EF wines,such as gallic acid,ferulic acid,quercetin and rutin. During aging,the rutin in new EF wine was completely transformed into quercetin in aging EF wine. The EF wines all exhibited strong antioxidant activities and nitrite-scavenging capacities,and these activities may be closely related to the high contents of reducing sugar and polyphenols constituents in the EF wines. The results indicated that the EF wine is nutritious and has strong antioxidant activity in vitro.

Abstract:Graph clustering is a powerful methods to infer protein family classification from sequence only. To achieve good performance for a set of proteins that have complex intra- and inter-class relationships as in many protein superfamilies,two factors are essential:1) the similarity graph as input that contains enough information for classification and 2) a stable algorithm that can discover the obscure group structure hidden in the similarity graph. We tested a modularity optimization algorithm,called Contraction-Dilation(CD),on a set of sequences from the Pfam clan enolase with broad sequence diversity. The results show that CD outputs are in high agreement with the Pfam classification when the algorithm parameters and similarity graph are appropriately set. The fact that best performance can be achieved in a wide range around optimal settings shows the capability of this approach in general situation.

Abstract:Taking the Jiangsu province Wuxi city farmers market as the research object,this article analyses cognition and behavior of people on food safety market through 380 questionnaires analysis. It analyses mainly influence of food safety market factors from the perspective of consumers and retailers by use of logistic model. Based on the analysis of its reasons,it discusses the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions to build a long-term mechanism of food safety in order to provide useful ideas for better market development in china.