Abstract:It is very common to apply toxic traditional Chinese medicines to the treatment of incurable diseases today.But the clinical application of toxic medicines is often limited by their toxicity.This problem is usually solved by the special technology called ‘Chinese medicine processing’.Fermentation is one of the traditional methods of ‘Chinese medicine processing’.Combined with modern biological techniques,it is affecting all areas of traditional Chinese medicine in China.Based on the analyses of the literatures,this paper suggests that processing by fermentation can be applied to three kinds of raw materials of toxic Chinese materia medica,i.e.,plants,animals and minerals,to attenuate their toxicity and synergize their effect.It can also be concluded that processing by fermentation could not only protect active centers of the original components from destruction,but also modify structures of the poisonous components,thereby expanding indications of the toxic Chinese medicines.So we think that fermentation processing provides a new approach of toxicity reducing and efficacy enhancing for toxic Chinese materia medica.

Abstract:The sleep improvement effects of instant asparagus powder with different content of saponins on mice were studied in this paper.Methods:Healthy KM male mice with the body weight of 18～22g were divided into groups randomized and the direct sleep effect of the test material was observed.Then the mice were gavaged with instant asparagus powder A with 15% saponins,instant asparagus powder B with 50% saponins and positive control(Jujuboside) in different dosage every day,respectively.30 days later,the sleep-producing test with subthreshold dose of sodium pentobarbital,the incubation period test with barbital sodium and the sleep extending test with sodium pentobarbital were conducted.Results:both of the asparagus powder A and B have hypnotic sleep-producing effects under the threshold hypnotic dosage of pentobarbital sodium,and can significantly prolong sleep time induced by pentobarbital sodium;comparing with the control group,the difference of incubation periods with barbital sodium were significant for the asparagus powder A,not significant for the asparagus powder B,but the incubation periods have gradually shorten trend with the asparagus powder B in this experiment.Both of asparagus powder A and B have not function to improve sleep directly.Conclusion:Instant asparagus powder A and B can improve the sleeping quality of mice,and the asparagus powder A is more significant than asparagus powder B on sleep improvement effects in mice.

Abstract:β-D-glucosidase activity of Oenococcus oeni 31MBR was assayed spectrophotometrically with synthetic substrate p-nitrophenyl β-D-glucopyranoside.Results showed that Oenococcus oeni 31MBR exhibited considerable β-D-glucosidase activity,which was mainly intracellular form and soluble enzyme.Enzyme activity was highest at the mid-log phase,and showed a downtrend after this period.β-D-glucosidase of Oenococcus oeni 31MBR was constitutive,however,increased enzyme activities were observed when induced with both arbutin and cellobiose.Oenococcus oeni 31MBR proved potential for aroma enhancement during malolactic fermentation,this is significant for winemaking.

Abstract:The fermentation performance of kitchen grease and the influence on the biogas production fr om kitchen wastewater were studied by batch experiment.The results showed that,the gas production process of kitchen grease can be fitted well with Modified Gompertz equation and the potential production of biogas was about 894 mL/g with temperature of 55 ℃.Lag periods were observed at the initial stage of grease degradation,and the lag time of each group was increased with its concentration.The optimum degradation of grease was at the concentration of 10.0 g/L.Hemiinhibitory concentration of grease was identified as 11.6 g/L.When the grease and kitchen wastewater were mixed,not only the gas production improved by 131%,but also the average methane content increased from 58.93% to 64.06%,8.7% raised compared to the single kitchen wastewater group.

Abstract:A lipase from Bacillus thuringiensis CZW001 was purified to homogeneity using ammonium sulfate precipitation,dialysis,DEAE-cellulose-52 anion exchange chromatography and Sephadex G-75 gel filtration chromatography.This purification protocol resulted in a 75.5 fold purification of lipase with 37.6% final yield,and the relative molecular weight of the enzyme was determined to be approximately 40kD using SDS-PAGE.Preliminary stuies have shown that the enzymatic properties of bacteria lipase,the enzyme’s optimum temperature is 25 ℃ and the enzyme was thermal lability,only 30% of its activity was remained after 30 min incubation at 60 ℃.The enzyme showed high lipolytic from ph 7.0 to 9.0 and its optimal ph for activity was 8.0.Ca2+ions stimulated lipolytic activity,whereas Al3+、Zn2+and Fe2+ions caused inhibition.Lipase tolerance of organic solvents of alcohols with carbon chain decreases.Lipase on soybean oil showed a significant the hydrolysis of the lipase.

Abstract:Fuzzy clustering technology plays an important role in revealing the connection and dependence between the data.Therefore,according to the properties of fuzzy equivalence relation,this paper use the weighted hamming distance method to establish fuzzy proximity relation between sequences,and then make fuzzy equivalence matrix to being clustering analysis.Then select 18 human p53 and its family members p63 and p73 tumor protein mRNA sequences,use the base contents of sequences as index to being clustering analysis.Find that when λ=0.951 59,the result is divided into 3 groups,p53,p63 and p73 each becomes a class.From the perspective of clustering,p53,p63 and p73 have differences in structures and functions.This method has biological significance in predicting the structures and functions of unknown genes.

Abstract:Inhibitory action of anthocyanin from blackcurrant(ACB) to avian leukosis virus subgroup A(ALV-A) were studied.ACB powder was chosen as the raw material and its anthocyanins structure was identified by HPLC-MS.The morphology feature and survival rate of cells treated with anthocyanin were determinated by using MTT method and microscope.Furthermore,establishing the cell modle of anthocyanins inhibiting ALV-A which infecting in DF-1 cells,and then researched ACB’s prevention and treatment roles on the cells which infected with ALV-A.The results showed that ACB contained two main components as delphinidin-3-rhamnoside-5-glucoside and cyaniding-3-rhamnoside-5-glucoside.The cells grew well that treated with anthocyanin under the concentration of 10 μg/mL.There was a significantly inhibitory effect on restraining the proliferation of ALV-A after treating with anthocyanins.It was concluded that ACB had an inhibitory effect on ALV-A in vitro.

Abstract:Based on the chaos game representation walk model and the integer-order difference,the purpose of this paper is prediction for bases of influenza virus A /HA protein sequence.For the 71 selected protein sequences with high homology from 1943 to 2013,we use ARIMA(p,d,q) model to fit and predict its former 20 positions,almost all the raw data are in the forecast region except a few,showing that this model is more reasonable,and prediction of the effect is very good.It’s important significance for the study and prediction of influenza virus.

Abstract:Maize was selected as the fermentation substrate,the pigment production conditions were optimized,and the optimized medium composition were:maize grits(particle size 0.78 ～0.95 mm) 90%,straw powder 10 %(dry solid),glucose 5%,NH4 Cl 1%,CuSO4 0.50%,CaCl2 0.10%,KH2 PO4 0.05%,K2 HPO4 0.10%,MgSO4 0.20%.Initial strains age was 24 hour,inoculation amount of beads was 2 mL/30 g dry solid,moisture content was 50%,the optimun temperature was 30° C.Under these conditions,the pigments yield could reach 1.66%.

Abstract:Experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of tryptophan on behavioral reactivity of stressed mice and its relation with hypothalamic 5-hydroxy tryptamine(5-HT).60 mice were randomly divided into 4 groups:NC group(saline administration),CUS group(saline administration and chronic stress stimulation),CUS-H group(high-dose tryptophan administration and chronic stress stimulation) and CUS-L group(low-dose tryptophan administration and chronic stress stimulation).A chronic stress model was established to CUS,CUS-H and CUS-L group.Meanwhile,different levels of tryptophan were administrated to CUS-H and CUS-L group.From the fifth week of establishing the model,open-field test,tail-suspension test,sugar preference test,forced swimming test and water maze were measured,and the hypothalamic serotonin level was assayed.The results are as follows:Compared to CUS and NC group,a notable increase(p<0.05) in open-field test score and a marked decrease(p<0.01)in immobile time of tail suspension test of CUS-H group were discovered,the sugar preference of CUS-H group were also decreased compared to CUS group(p<0.01).Besides,the immobile time of force swimming test was lower than NC group(p <0.01);Learning and memorizing ability of stressed mice was indistinctively improved after tryptophan administration;The Hypothalamic 5-HT content was obviously increased(p<0.01) after tryptophan administration.The results suggested that administration of tryptophan increase the content of hypothalamic 5-HT and effectively reverse the variation of stress resistant capability of stressed mice.The strengthened stress resistant capability might be related to the enhanced level of hypothalamic 5-HT.

Abstract:In order to optimize enzymolysis technology for production of antioxidant peptides from egg white,the effects of enzyme activity,enzymolysis temperature,egg white content and pH were analyzed by orthogonal test with the scavenging rate of hydrolysate to DPPH radical as an index.Scavenging effects of the hydrolysate on hydroxyl radical,superoxide anion radical,lipid peroxidation and its total reduction capacity were investigated using ascorbic acid as controls,and its partial characteristics were also explored.Flavourzyme was screened out from four kinds of alkaline protease,neutral protease,trypsin and flavourzyme and enzymolysis time was 90 min.The optimum conditions were as follows:pH 5,enzymolysis temperature 45 ℃,egg white content 8% and enzyme activity 1 125 U.under such conditions,Scavenging rates of the hydrolysate on DPPH radical was 53.273%.Scavenging effects on hydroxyl(0.308 4～1.542 mg/mL) and superoxide anion radical(0.089～0.443 mg/mL) increased with its concontration,and their half inhibitory concentration(IC50) value was 0.092 mg/mL and 0.021 6 mg/mL for VC,1.24 mg/mL and 0.054 mg/mL for the hydrolysate,respectively.Inhibition effects of the hydrolysate to lipid peroxidation(0.667 ～10.667 mg/mL) decreased with increasing concentration,but it was activated within 0.667～10.667 μg/mL.Isoelectric point of the hydrolysate was about pH=3,scavenging effects of the hydrolysate on hydroxy radical decreased with increasing temperature,and its solubility increased linearly within pH 2～10.

Abstract:The key technical parameters by enzymatic hydrolysis to extract water-soluble β-carotene from carrots were investigated.The optimal technological process determined by single factor experiment was as follow:50 g fresh carrot was homogenated,and then 100 mL 0.2 g/dL Tween-80,1.5 g cellulase and 0.4 g pectinase were added;the carrot pulp was smashed for 40 min by ultrasonic wave,then pH was adjusted to 6.0;after stirring for 2 h at 40 ℃,2 g diatomite was added and finally filtrated.The optimal factors obtained from response surface analysis were 0.49 g pectinase,enzymatic hydrolysis pH was 6.08 and ultrasonic time was 41.58 min.Under above conditions,the extraction yield for water soluble β-carotene reached 12.23 μg/g.

Abstract:The non-enzymatic glycosylation reaction is one of main factors causing diabetes complications,therefore inhibition of non-enzymatic glycosylation reaction become an effective way to control the complications of diabetes.In this study,the inhibitory rate by Tremella aurantialba culture broth was enhanced by the optimization of medium composition and culture conditions.The culture medium optimized by orthogonal experiments was(g/L):glucose 10,peptone 5,corn cob powder 20,wheat bran 15,CoCl2 0.5,MnSO40.5.The optimized culture conditions were 25 ℃,initial pH of 6.5,150 mL medium in 500 mL flask and 10% inoculums.After optimization,the inhibitory rate of non-enzymatic glycosylation reaction achieved 89.74%.The T.aurantialba culture broth was purified and the main components were analyzed.The result indicated that both polysaccharide and small molecular weight in culture broth were responsible for the inhibition.

Abstract:Different detection techniques were applied on detecting situations of peanut infected by Aspergillus flavus(A.flavus),the applicability of different techniques can be compared with each other while the potential resistant peanut lines can also be screened out from the peanut lines.The 18 peanut lines,chosen from Institute of Windy and Sandy Soil Improvement and Utilization of Liaoning Province and Huludao City,the peanut lines were inoculated with A.flavus NRRL3357 and cultured for 7 days.The resistance capacity of peanut against A.flavus was assessed according to the level of infection index deduced from the traditional classification standard;the capability of blocking the biosynthesis of aflatoxin was estimated on the basis of the value measured from TLC and HPLC.The levels of infection index of different peanut lines were almost accordant with the values of TLC and HPLC.Two resistant peanut genotypes,Baisha1016 and Fuhua11,were identified high resistance against A.flavus and low content of biosynthesis of aflatoxin.

Abstract:Effects of temperature,pH,drying methods and in vitro digestion of intestinal enzyme on the stabilities of angiotensin-Ⅰ converting enzyme(ACE) inhibitory peptides from silkworm pupae were studied.Furthermore,the inhibitory mechanism of ACE-inhibitory peptides from silkworm pupae against ACE was preliminarily studied based on the analyses of Lineweaver-Burk plots and ultraviolet spectrum.The results showed that,ACE-inhibitory peptides from silkworm pupae were instability and easy inactivation under the conditions of high temperature,acidic or alkaline.The effects of freeze-drying and spray-drying on the peptides activity were smaller.The peptides were resistant to digestion by pepsin,trypsin and α-chymotrypsin.After co-digestion by pepsin,trypsin and α-chymotrypsin,the peptides activity could maintain 94.0% of their initial activity.Moreover,the inhibition pattern against ACE revealed that the peptides were competitive inhibitors with inhibition constants(Ki) 0.06 mg/mL.After the inhibition by the peptides,the ultraviolet absorbance values of ACE at 240～280 nm were significant increase,and these changes of ultraviolet absorbance values initially revealed that ACE molecular structure has been changed.

Abstract:Five species of polysaccharide decomposition fungi(Aspergillus niger,Aspergillus oryzae,Phanerochaete chrysosporium,Trichoderma viride and Trichoderma koningii) and three species of yeasts(Candida utilis,Candida tropicalis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae) were cultured respectively in the substrate of notoginseng residues,to select the suitable strains for the production of protein feed.The result indicated that the metabolization capability on notoginseng residues by polysaccharide decomposition fungi was stronger than that by yeasts.During the whole fermentation period,the amplitude of variation of reducing sugar content,pH value and dry weight in the fermentation culture by polysaccharide decomposition fungi is larger than that by yeasts.The metabolization capability of Aspergillus niger on notoginseng residues was the strongest in all tested fungi,and the maximum of reducing sugar content in the fermentation culture can reached at 250 mg/g,and the loss ratio of dry weight can reached at 42.6% and the true protein content in the fermentation culture can reached at 23.92% after five-days′ fermentation.

Abstract:By using LC-MS analysis,we tested the influence of early bolting on the chemical compositions of Radix Peucedani root(RPR).The results indicated that the types of main compositions of RPR did not change before and after early bolting.Both of them include Pd-Ib,PeucedanumarinII,praeruptorin A,PeucedanumarinI,Praeruptorin D and Parruptorin E.However,the proportion of each composition has changed greatly before and after early bolting.

Abstract:A kind of Bacillus natto,Y-2,was separated from commodity natto and Chinese Douchi which has the ability to produce MK-7.The yield of MK-7 reached 1 178 μg/L in soybean milk medium by shaking flask fermentation after 24 h.The fermentation broth was extracted by extract liquor.After centrifugation,the supernatant was collected.Subsequently,the supernatant was submitted to reduce pressure concentration.Thereafter,another extract liquor was added to extract the solution and blew to dryness with N2 to get yellow oily liquor.Then,1 mL solvent were added to get final sample,the sample was analyzed by HPLC.As a result,the MK-7 can be well isolated and detected by the method within a recovery of 95%～101%,which indicates a nice accuracy.