Abstract:In this study,respone surface analysis methodology(RSM) was applied to optimize the extraction conditions of polysaccharide from yellow mealworm(Terebrio molitor L.).Antioxidant capability of the polysaccharide was studied in vitro.The optimal range of key factors were studied by regression analysis and listed as follows: temperature 90 ℃,time 158 min,the ratio of liquid to solid 12.With the optimum conditions,the yield of polysaccharide was achieved at 1.94%(the predicted yield was 1.99%).The polysaccharide from yellow mealworm was constituted glucose mainly,mannose and galactose.The results also demonstrated that yellow mealworm polysaccharide has antioxidant activity in vitro,which means it could be explored as a potential natural antioxidant.

Abstract:The aim of this study is to explore the pharmacological activities of honeycomb against acute inflammation in animals,for this,the effect of water extracts from Apis cerana cerana honeycomb and A.mellifera ligustica honeycomb on Xylene-induced ear edema,acetic acid-induced vascular permeability and carrageenan-induced hind paw edema tests in mice were investigated.The results showed that both samples exhibited remarkable inhibition in xylene-induced ear edema model,carrageenan-induced hind paw edema model and the content of PGE2 in the inflammatory tissues,while they showed no anti-inflammatory against acetic acid-induced vascular permeability.The pharmacological activities of the water extracts of A.cerana cerana honeycomb show in a concentration-dependent manner.

Abstract:The aim of this study is to decreasing the rot rate of the fresh wolfberries fruit on low temperature combined with plastic film packing.For this,the fresh wolfberries fruit(cv.Ningqi No.1) were dipped with gibberellic acid(GA3) at 0.025 g/L and 0.05 g/L for 3 min.The results indicated that GA3 treatments significantly reduced the rot rate,50% lower in treated fruit at 0.05g/L than the control after 24 days of storage.The treatments noticeably delayed the decrease of soluble solids content and maintained titratable acid content.However,no significant difference was found on weight loss.The fruit treated with GA3 at 0.05g/L had better flavor and green stem after 30 days of storage.It is suggested that GA3 treatments could decrease rot and maintain quality by delaying senescence and maintaining resistance of fresh fruit during low temperature storage.

Abstract:The influence of operating conditions including pressure and recirculation flow rate on the isolation of casein bioactive peptides was investigated in this study.Alcalase 2.4 FG was used to continuously hydrolyse an initial concentration of 6%(w/w) casein at pH 8.5 and 50 ℃ in an enzymatic membrane reactor.The degree of hydrolysis(DH),permeate flux(J),product recovered in permeate(S),enzyme leakage(AF),residual enzyme activity(AR) and enzyme loss(AL) were determined to value the effect of operating conditions of pressure and recirculation flow rate on isolation of casein bioactive peptides by single factor experimental.It showed that a high increased in S with increasing operating pressure,but leading to a serious enzyme leakage and membrane fouling.However,it could reduce enzyme leakage and membrane fouling with a suitable recirculation flow rate of 140 mL/min,meanwhile it could gain a relatively high protein recovery.

Abstract:The aim of this study is to develop the process of fish fruits with silver carp fish as the major material.According to add different proportions of ingredients,a better surimi gel was made.After molding,vacuum microwave was used for processing.By orthogonal experiments and sensory evaluation,the optimum process parameters of microwave time,vacuum and moisture content,the expansion ratio and crispness of fish fruits was developed and listed as follows: initial moisture content of surimi was controlled at 60%,microwave heating for 24 min at the vacuum pressure of 0.096 MPa.And the optimum compositions of crunchy fish fruits were salt 2%,sugar 10%,corn starch 8% and monosodium glutamate 1%.With the optimum composition,the final product of fish fruits had bright white color,free deformation,homogenous texture and special flavor of fish meat.

Abstract:The antioxidative effects of several natural antioxidants were studied on the lipid in the O/W shiitake soup,such as tea polyphenol,lycopene,vitamin E,rosemary water-soluble extracts and carnosic acid respectively.The peroxide value and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances were determined.The results indicated that lycopene,vitamin E and carnosic acid do not inhibit the production of the hydroperoxides.Particularly,vitamin E significantly promoted the production of the hydroperoxides.They can inhibit the decomposition of hydroperoxides into aldehydes,ketones and so on,while tea polyphenols and rosemary water-soluble extracts cannot inhibit or promote oxidation,including the primary and secondary oxidation of lipid.The present results had shown that lycopene,vitamin E and carnosic acid were more effective than tea polyphenols and rosemary water-soluble extracts on the antioxidation of lipid in the shiitake soup.

Abstract:The relationship between the gelatin strength and the gelatin gel phase transition temperature,enthalpy change and enthalpy values were studied in this manuscript.Five gelatins with different gel strength were used as the research model and Differential Scanning Calorimetry(DSC) applied to determent the parameters of gel and gelatin solution.The result showed that there were relationship between gel strength and enthalpy values of gelatin solution during its temperature decreasing processing.The simultaneous relationships between gel strength and gel phase transition temperature,enthalpy values of gel during its temperature decreasing processing were found in the study.The results present here demonstrated that Differential Scanning Calorimetry(DSC) could be use as a novel method to determine the quality of gelatin.

Abstract:In order to explain the oxidation resistance ability of polyphenol from Ampelopsis grossedentata,this manuscript take Vc as the comparison,the reducing power,the ·OH and O2-· eliminate ability of polyphenol from Ampelopsis grossedentata were investigated.The results demonstrated that the ampelopsis grossedentata polyphenols could eliminated OH and O2-·.With the same concentration,the ampelopsis grossedentata polyphenol had stronger ability than that of Vc for elimination OH and O2-·,the half of suppression rate IC50 is 159.09 μg/mL and 30.97 μg/mL,respectively.The above results strong suggested that the ampelopsis grossedentata polyphenols is one kind of good natural oxidation inhibitor.

Abstract:The aim of this study is to develop an optimum process for production of the beancurd,for this,the process parameters were determined by single factor experiment by the texture machine analysis and the optimum parameters listed as follows: Cross over the soda adopt the density is 0.3 g/dL for 4 minutes,the air dry temperature 100 ℃ for 30 minutes;the sterilization temperate 121 ℃ for 20 minutes.

Abstract:The pretreatment of raw materials have a major impact on the quality of bean paste.According to the pressure used in cooking stage,the processes are divided into atmospheric pressure process and high-pressure cooking process.This study compared the conventional physical and chemical indicators of bean paste of the two processes,and the results indicated that the content of water,total acid,ammonia nitrogen and reduce sugar in bean paste are significantly differences.Based on the above results,the differences of the two processes exist in the brewing process were analyzed.It was found that the different pretreatment of raw materials result in that starch gelatinization and moisture content of high-pressure cooking process is lower than atmospheric pressure cooking process,thus affect soy sauce koji enzyme activity and the fermentation process.the final results are the differences of conventional physical and chemical indicators of bean paste.

Abstract:To discuss the toxicity induced by histamine on mice and the protective effects of Vitamin C(VC).the results demonstrated that histamine had no effect on drinking water and diet in mice,but it decreased pain threshold and autonomic activity in mice.The index of organ of kidney,stomach,intestinal,thymus and the activities of SOD were reduced by histamine,MDA were increased.VC had a preventive action on pain threshold and the index of organ.VC also had significant effect on SOD activity and autonomous activity.

Abstract:In the process of vitamin C two-step fermentation,Bacillus megaterium(B.m) can enhance the ability of Gluconobacter oxydans(G.o) in convertingL-sorbose into 2-Keto-L-gulonic acid(2-KLG).In this study,isolated and purified active proteins were conducted by salting out of using ammonium sulfate fractionation,column chromatographyand electrophoresis technologyfrom the supernatant of B.megaterium.The effects of different components from the supernatant of B.megaterium on Gluconobacter oxydans growth and the ability of itsL-sorbose dehydrogenaseand yield of 2-KLGwere investigated,respectively.Among which the separated metabolites with molecularweightof 36 000 and 44 300 from B.megaterium significantly enhance the G.oxydansgrowth and 2-KLG production.

Abstract:Chitinase from a new isolated strain Chitinolyticbacter meiyuanensis SYBC-H1 was purified and characterized in this study.Chitinase of more than 95% purity was obtained after ammonium sulfate precipitation,DEAE-32 negative chromatography and Sephadex G-100 sieve chromatography.The results of enzyme properties indicated that its optimal pH and temperature was 40℃ and 6.5,respectively.Chitinase exposed to temperature lower than 50℃ was stable and it is most stable at pH 5.0.Its stability was promoted with the addition of mercaptoethanol and EDTA.Moreover,the chitinase activity was apparently stimulated by Na+ and K+,while inhibited by Zn2+,Mn2+,Fe2+ and Fe3+.The shrimp crust was hydrolyzed into acetylglucosamine by Chitinase from SYBC-H1,and the hydrolysis rate achieved at 21.8%.

Abstract:To investigate the distribution,serological and molecular characterization of vibrio parahaemolyticus of shellfish,a total of 288 samples were collected and analyzed in this manuscript.The levels of V.parahaemolyticus were estimated by MPN-PCR and isolated strains were clustered by RAPD analysis.The tdh and trh genes were detected by PCR.The results showed that the distribution of V.parahaemolyticus was disparity in season,the level of V.parahaemolyticus in summer were different from other seasons(P<0.05).Altogether 172 strains were isolated and identified,of which 157 strains were typed by O-grouping serum and 42 strains were typed by K-typing serum,the group of O3(19.1%) was the most frequently involved in shellfish.RAPD analysis showed that there were 73 different patterns which were clustered into 18 groups.Two isolates showed positive of tdh gene and 5 isolates showed positive of trh gene,there was no strain with tdh and trh genes simultaneously.The serovars of two isolates with tdh gene were O3∶K6 and O4∶K68 and two isolates were grouped into the same cluster by RAPD analysis.

Abstract:Based on Rhizopus oryzae complete genome sequence published by Broad Institute,two 1389-bp gene sequences coding a-amylase were cloned from two R.oryzae strains.Sequences alignment indicated that there was no intron existed in the two amylase genes,and the two genes have a similarity of 95.54% and the similarity between the gene products was 97.84%.The gene products belongs to the amylase family 13 and have four classical highly conserved regions that observed in most a-amylases.Recombinant plasmids for expression of the cloned a-amylase genes were constructed based on the plasmid vector pET-28a(+).a-Amylases displayed higher expression levels in E coli BL21(DE3) codon plus strain,the a-amylase activity were achieved at 1.3 U/mL and 0.5 U/mL,respectively.One of the a-amylases was purified through Ni affinity column and subsequently used for hydrolyzation of(potato) starch,and there was approximately 10% glucose,74% maltose and negligible maltotriose or other oligosaccharides remained in the end-products.

Abstract:In order to regulate the fermentation process more precise,this study investigated the effects of different liquefying conditions on corn flour liquefying results.And the optimum conditions were achieved through single factor experiment and listed as follows:95℃,3.17:1 of water to corn flour ratio,the agitator speed 160rpm.With the optimum conditions,the liquefy process was finished just in 18 min.Furthermore,it was found that the enzyme amount,pH,liquefying time played important role on the the component of the liquefied corn.

Abstract:In this study,the DNA sequence and cDNA sequence of ggpps were cloned from Taxus wallichiana var.Mairei.Results showed that the length of both DNA and cDNA sequences is 1182 bp,without introns,contained an opening reading frame of 1182 bp,which coded for 393 amino acid residues;theoretical molecular weight is 42.59kDa,and isoelectric point is 5.68.Alignment showed that cDNA sequence exhibited 98.8 % similarity to the ggpps gene of Taxus canadensis(AF081514) which has been reported in NCBI,and its protein sequence has 99.0 % similarity to GGPPS of Taxus canadensis(AAD16018).The bioinformatics of GGPPS,including physical and chemical properties,the signal peptide,hydrophobicity,hydrophilicity,secondary structure,tertiary structure,and phylogenetic trees,were analyzed with bioinformatics softwares and database,such as Protparam,SignalP,ProtScale,SOPMA,Swiss-Modeling,Scan Prosite,MEGA4.0 and so on.

Abstract:Butyric acid oriented production via anaerobic fermentation is a desirable pathway to the recycling treatment of blue-green algae.In the study,four different pretreatment methods,namely acid,alkaline,heat and microwave were used to enhance the fermentation.The content of butyric acid and total organic acids produced from pretreated blue-green algae was evaluated.The results indicated that all pretreatments enhanced the t the production of butyric acid and total organic acids.Among of them,alkaline pretreatment at pH 10 exhibited the highest production of butyric acid and total organic acids from the blue-green algae feedstock,the value achieved at 4390 mg/L and 5962 mg/L,respectively,which both doubled as compared to that before pretreatment.

Abstract:In this study,response surface methodology(RSM) was used to optimize the medium compositions for Trichoderma viride growth with the colony growth diameter of T.viride as index.According to the single-factor experiments,three levels of the factors(carbon source addition,nitrogen source addition and phosphorus source addition) were selected for the central composite design to establish a quadric regression equation,and RSM was employed to optimize.The results showed that the optimal conditions for Trichoderma viride were 2.11% glucose,0.15% alanine and 0.3% KH2PO4.Under these conditions,the colony growth diameter of T.viride reached at 78.00 mm,which t was almost equal to the estimated value 77.87mm(CI>95%).

Abstract:Dynamic changes of microbial community in malting were studied in this manuscript by the method of counting medium.Experimental results are showed as follow,the quantity of microorganism correlated with variety of barley on the surface of barley and internal.Microorganism was from external surfaces of barley in malting.Steeping of barley rapidly activated the dormant microbes present in barley.The amount of microorganism increased to its maximum on the later stage of the germination,and decreased to certain level after kilning.There were different kinds of microbial community in the steeping.The 10 main fungi strains in malting were separated and identified.Appropriate physical and chemical methods were efficiently decreased the quantity of microorganism,but has no effect on the germination rate.

Abstract:Arginine deiminase(ADI),an arginine degrading enzyme,has been studied as a potential anti-cancer agent for inhibiting arginine-auxotrophic tumors,such as melanomas and hepatocellular carcinomas(HCCs).In this study,the arcA gene that encodes ADI was cloned from P.plecoglossicida CGMCC2039 which was isolated and identified by our laboratory previously.The arcA gene was subcloned into expression vector pET24a and its product ADI was over-expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3).The effects of different IPTG concentrations,induction temperatures and induction time were investigated.Under the optimal expression conditions the enzyme activity reached to 2.04 U/mL broth.The rADI was purified using DEAE Fast Flow anion exchange and SuperdexTM 200 gel filtration column chromatography.The rADI had a molecular mass of about 92.6 kDa,and comprised a homodimer of 46 kDa in the native condition.The specific activity of rADI was determined to be 20.9 U/mg at pH 6.0 and 37 ℃.

Abstract:The objective of this study is to investigate the biofilm formation of four kinds of different bacteria in vitro under different culture conditions and the effect of sub-MIC disinfectant on biofilm formation.For this,biofilm formation were tested by microtiter-plate method under the different nutrient conditions,temperature and pH,as well as different concentration of quaternary ammonium compounds.the results demonstrated that biofilm formation was identified widely among food pathogens.Furthermore,high temperatures,low concentration of glucose and sodium chloride increased the production of biofilm.From the above results,a conclusion could be made: Biofilm formation was influenced by many factors.Control of the production of biofilm was important for food safety in the food processing.

Abstract:Daqu sensory indexes are one of the important factors to evaluate the daqu quality.In this manuscript two kinds of Luzhou Laojiao daqu,Common-quality daqu(CQD) and high-qulity daqu(HQD) were taken as models and compared based on sensory characteristics.It was found that whether sensory characteristics have some correlativity with microbe,physiochemical indexes and biochemical property.Based on the above results,some conclusion could be made:(1) the amount of bacteria,bacillus,mold and yeast in HQD were higherthan that of CQD;(2) the water content and acidity of HQD were higher than the corresponding values of CQD,but starch content was lower than that of CQD;(3)The activity of liquefying enzyme,saccharifying enzyme and protease of HQD were all higher than that of CQD.(4) The biochemical property,such as the total free amino acids of HQD was higher than that of CQD.

Abstract:DNA traceability is one of the emerging and efficient means for the management and control of food quality and safety.However,deep processing products suffered DNA destruction,which directly affected the follow-up species detection and traceability.In this study,different stages of Pseudosciaena crocea and Ctenopharyngodon idellus processing Surimi’s DNA were extracted by phenol chloroform and the the DNA quality evaluated by UV spectrophotometer,agarose gel electrophoresis,18SrRNA amplification as well as microsatellite(SSR) amplification.The results showed that,with the processing of the product,DNA quality was gradually declined,but the genomic DNA was still competent for species identification and DNA traceability.

Abstract:A new laccase producing strain,Shiraia bambusicola,was isolated from the natural screening.In this study,the optimum nutrition and environmental conditions were investigated and listed as follows: f soluble starch 2%,yeast extract 0.8%,and copper ion 2.4 mmol/L,pH 5.0,liquid volume 50/250 mL,30 ℃,200 r/min.With the optimum conditions,the activity of laccase was achieved at 120 000 U/L after 64 h,was higher 17 times than that of the control.Compared with the reported white-rot,Shiraia bambusicola has the advantages of short fermentation period and higher laccase activity.

Abstract:The aim of the study was to explore new detective targets for Enterococcus spp.,with better performance in specificity and sensitivity,and subsequently to develop a real-time PCR method which could be effectively applied to rapid quantitative detection of enterococci.Genomic comparative analysis among Enterococcus and non-Entercoccus strains was conducted to screen the specific targets for enterococci,and 42 target fragments were selected for the design of 50 primer pairs.Their specificity and sensitivity were then evaluated by regular PCR and real-time PCR,respectively.Finally,the method was effectively evaluated while it was used in the detection of food samples.Analysis results showed that primer EF1902 was confirmed as the best primer due to its high specificity and sensitivity in real-time PCR tests.The results showed a specific amplification from 44 Enterococcus strains,whereas no amplification from 23 non-Enterococcus strains.A detection limit of 13.78 copies/PCR for purified genomic DNA and 38.4 cfu/PCR for bacterial cultures could be achieved after PCR parameter optimization.Artificial contamination assays showed that Enterococcus could be detected by real-time PCR after 6 h enrichment,with an initial spike of 2.63 cfu/mL bacterium in milk samples.The real-time PCR method developed in this study was also applied to detect various food samples,and the positive rate of detection was 57.69%.The accuracy was 94.23% compared with the conventional standard method,which demonstrates its potential for practical application.In conclusion,the real-time PCR system developed in this study was suitable for the rapid detection of Enterococcus spp.in foods for its advantages in specificity,sensitivity,rapidness and accuracy.

Abstract:In order to compare the toxic potency between processed and fermentation products of Croton tiglium,the acute oral toxicity,inflammation causing effect and hematocytolysis were observed among raw Semen crotonis(seed kernel),sterilized Semen crotonis,raw Fructus crotonis(whole fruit),sterilized Fructus crotonis,Testa et pericarpium crotonis(fruit shell and seed coat),Semen crotonis pulveratum(defatted croton seed powder) and the two fermentation products of Fructus crotonis solid-fermented by Ganoderma lucidum and Beauveria bassiana(called Lingba Junzhi and Baiba Junzhi in Chinese,respectively).After being administrated by i.g.once or many times one day,the order of the median lethal dose(LD50) of mice was Lingba Junzhi as(1.541 g/kg),Baiba Junzhi(1.495 g/kg),sterilized whole fruit(0.894 g/kg),defatted croton seed powder(0.787 g/kg),sterilized seed kernel(0.728 g/k),raw whole fruit(0.38 g/kg) and raw seed kernel(0.308 g/kg).While the fruit shell and seed coat was low-toxic and its maximum dosage to infuse to mice was about 12.5 g/kg.When applying their ether extracts on the mouse ears,the raw seed kernel,sterilized seed kernel,raw whole fruit,sterilized whole fruit and defatted croton seed powder induced swelling(inflammation) of the mouse ears;but the fruit shell and seed coat,Lingba Junzhi and Baiba Junzhi.Adding their saline extracts to 2% rabbit erythrocyte suspension to investigate hemolysis in vitro,only the raw seed kernel and raw whole fruit caused obvious hemolysis;the sterilized seed kernel,sterilized whole fruit,defatted croton seed powder fruit shell and seed coat,Lingba Junzhi and Baiba Junzhi didn’t.The experimental results have shown that the toxicity of the both processed and fermented Croton tiglium are lower than that of the original crude drug,and the fermentation products of Fructus crotonis exhibited a much lower toxicity.

Abstract:In this study,the different identification methods for Sang huang were compared.Sang huang was identified by modality,molecular marker and HPLC fingerprint alignment,and the identifing result was validated one another from different levels.The results showed that(1) the morphological difference of strain could not use as the index for strain identification.(2) the phylogenetic tree from HPLC fingerprint alignmen and from rDNA ITS showed more consistent.(3) molecular marker identified other strains as P.baumii and P.linteus.Based on the above results,the component analysis could regard as assistant means for identifying strains,but was not exact and dependable in relative to nucleic acid analysis.