常见盐渍食品中嗜盐微生物分布及其胞外酶活

Distribution of Halophilic Microorganisms in Commercial Salted-Foods and Production of Extracellular Enzymes

摘要:

嗜盐微生物多生活在高盐环境中，在盐腌制品、盐渍食品、海产品等高盐食品中含量丰富，是一种重要的极端环境微生物资源。作者对采自安徽芜湖超市的7种常见高盐食品进行嗜盐微生物的纯培养分离，根据菌落形态特征差异，选取43株进行基于16S rRNA基因序列相似性的物种鉴定。确定分类地位后，分别挑取不同种代表菌株进行产胞外酶活测定。最终作者确定该43株嗜盐微生物中包含13属21种嗜盐微生物，其中嗜盐古菌4属7种，嗜盐细菌9属14种。分离到产胞外淀粉酶菌株3株，产酯酶7株，产明胶酶1株，产触酶8株，说明市售高盐食品中普遍存在嗜盐微生物；这些嗜盐微生物所产的具有强耐高盐活性的胞外酶具有较高的生物开发利用价值。

Abstract:

Halophilic microorganisms live in hypersaline environments, i.e. salted products, seafood and other high-salt foods. Salted-food is an important hypersaline environment rich in extremophiles. the authors collected 7 kinds of salted-foods collected from supermarkets in Wuhu, Anhui Province were used to isolate the halophilic microorganisms. According to the difference incolony morphology, 43 strains were selected for further identification based on the similarity of 16S rRNA gene sequence. After determination their classification status, representative strains from different species were selected for the detection of extracellular enzyme activities. Finally, it was determined that the 43 halophilic microorganisms contained 21 species in 13 genera in domains bacteria and archaea. There are 7 species in 4 genera belonging to halophilic archaea, while 14 species in 9 genera belonging to halophilic bacteria. This study isolated 3 strains produce extracellular amylase, 7 strains produce esterase, 1 strain produces gelatinase, and 8 strains produce catalase, which indicates that halophilic microorganisms are prevalent in the salted-food in the market. Extracellular enzymes produced by these halophilic microorganisms with strong salt-tolerance activity have potential applications in the biological industry.