真菌毒素降解酶及其在饲料与食品行业中的研究现状

Studies on Mycotoxin Degrading Enzymes and Their Applications in Feed and Food Industries

摘要:

真菌毒素是一类由真菌在其生长过程中所产生的次级代谢产物。真菌毒素不仅严重影响了粮食作物的产量，而且对人们的身体健康也产生了极大的威胁。针对真菌毒素的物理处理方法有很多，包括清洗、去皮、曝晒、辐照、离子脉冲等，但物理方法很难保障对毒素的彻底清除，同时容易对作物中的营养成分产生一定的损伤。化学方法同样可以对真菌毒素进行一定程度的消除，但引入的化学试剂及潜在的间接污染限制了其在实际中的应用。随着生物技术的不断发展，生物酶法因其反应条件温和、降解程度较高及降解产物毒性较低等诸多优点在真菌毒素降解方面显示出巨大的优势。作者对目前已经报道的真菌毒素降解酶的挖掘、鉴定及其实际应用等多方面进行了综述。相信随着研究的不断深入，该类降解酶有望被进一步开发和使用在饲料和食品行业中。

Abstract:

Mycotoxins are a group of secondary metabolites produced by fungi during their growth. Mycotoxins not only seriously affect the yield of food crops, but also pose big threat to human health. There are various physical treatments for mycotoxins including cleaning, peeling, exposure, irradiation, ion pulse and so on, however, these physical methods are difficult to ensure complete removal of toxins. Also, the loss of nutrients in crops would be possibly caused during the physical treatment. Chemical methods can also eliminate mycotoxins to some extent, but the introduction of chemical reagents and the potential indirect contamination can limit the further application in practical field. With a continuous development of biotechnology, microbial enzymes have shown great advantages in the degradation of mycotoxins due to the mild reaction conditions, high degradation efficiency and low toxicity of degradation products. The discovery, identification and application of mycotoxin-degrading enzymes which have been reported so far were thoroughly reviewed in this manuscript. It is believed that with the deepening of research, the mycotoxin-degrading enzymes are expected to be further developed and employed in the feed and food industries.