抗菌肽多靶点作用抑菌机理研究进展

Advances in Multiple Targets Mechanism of Antimicrobial Peptides

摘要:

病原微生物引起的感染性疾病严重威胁人类公共安全，特别是多重耐药性细菌。抗菌肽可使细菌不产生耐药性或降低耐药性，而且具有热稳定性好、抑菌活性高、特异性强、对哺乳动物细胞毒副作用少等优势，具有主动防御和免疫等生理功能，有望成为抗菌药物最理想替代品。抗菌肽对细胞具有多靶点单独或协同抑菌作用，因此研究抗菌肽多作用靶点抑菌机制对抗菌肽应用研究具有重要指导意义。作者从细胞壁损伤机制、细胞膜损伤机制、胞内生物大分子合成影响机制、物质与能量代谢关键酶活性影响机制、线粒体损伤机制和免疫调节机制等多作用抑菌靶点视角对抗菌肽抑菌机理进行了系统综述，并对抗菌肽抑菌机理研究进行了展望，以期为抗菌肽抑菌机理研究提供参考。

Abstract:

The infectious diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms seriously threaten human public safety, especially the multi-drug resistant bacteria (MDR). Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have attracted much attention because their non-drug resistance or lower drug resistance for bacteria with the advantages of good thermal stability, high antimicrobial activity, high specificity and few mammalian cytotoxic side effects. AMPs have the physiological functions of active defense and immunity, and are expected to be ideal antibiotic substitutes. AMPs possess single or synergistic bacteriostasis effect on cells with multiple targets, and thus they are of great significance to clarify the antibacterial mechanism with multiple targets for the application of AMPs. In this paper, the antibacterial mechanism of AMPs was systematically reviewed from the perspectives of multiple targets including cell wall damage, cell membrane damage, the mechanisms of intracellular biomacromolecule synthesis, the mechanisms of material and energy metabolism affecting key enzymes activity, and the mechanisms of mitochondrial injury and immunoregulation. The antibacterial mechanism of AMPs was prospected to provide theoretical reference for antibacterial mechanism of AMPs.