超声波辅助法对小龙虾壳制备葡萄糖酸钙的工艺研究

Ultrasonic-Assisted Preparation of Calcium Gluconate from Crayfish Shell

摘要:

为减少废弃龙虾壳对环境的污染及资源浪费，以虾壳和质量分数为50%的D-葡萄糖酸溶液为原料，利用超声波辅助法以龙虾壳为原料制备人体钙补充剂葡萄糖酸钙，研究虾壳粉的粒径、葡萄糖酸的添加量、液料比、超声时间、反应温度和超声功率对葡萄糖酸钙产率的影响。在单因素实验的基础上进行响应面实验优化。结果表明，最佳工艺条件为：质量分数50%的D-葡萄糖酸溶液添加量4.68 mL，液料比30 mL∶1 g，超声时间32.1 min，反应温度45 ℃，得到葡萄糖酸钙产率为86.38%，与预测值86.85%相近，较其他非超声波辅助制备工艺的产率提高了10%。超声波辅助可提升虾壳制备葡萄糖酸钙产率，且超微粉碎虾壳粉较粗虾壳粉产率提高了3.28%。制备的葡萄糖酸钙在不同pH下的可溶性远高于虾壳中的原生钙，有更高的吸收利用率，为进一步作为人体钙补充剂提供可能。以虾壳为钙源制备葡萄糖酸钙，可促进虾壳的综合利用，也为减少环境污染，实现清洁生产提供了技术参考。

Abstract:

In order to reduce the environmental pollution and resource waste of discarded crayfish shells, crayfish shells and D-gluconic acid solution with 50% mass fraction were used as raw materials to prepare human calcium supplement, i.e., calcium gluconate, by ultrasonic-assisted method. The effects of particle size of crayfish shell powder, gluconic acid amount, liquid-to-material ratio, ultrasonic time, reaction temperature and ultrasonic power on the yield of calcium gluconate were studied. The response surface experiment was optimized based on the single factor experiment. The results showed that the optimal process conditions were 4.68 mL of 50 % D-gluconic acid, 30∶1 of liquid-to-material ratio, and 32.1 min of ultrasonication under 45 ℃. The yield of calcium gluconate was 86.38%, which was close to the predicted value of 86.85%. Compared with other non-ultrasonic assisted preparation methods, this yield was increased by 10%. Ultrasonic assistance could increase the yield of calcium gluconate prepared from crayfish shells, and the yield of ultra-finely pulverized crayfish shell powder increased by 3.28% compared with that of the crude crayfish shell powder. The solubility of prepared calcium gluconate at different pH values was much higher than that of the calcium in crayfish shells, with higher absorption and utilization rate, providing the possibility for further use as a human calcium supplement. Crayfish shells were used as a calcium source to prepare calcium gluconate, which could improve the comprehensive utilization of crayfish shells and provide technical reference for reducing environmental pollution and achieving cleaner production.