不同产地中华绒螯蟹鉴定方法及其研究进展

Identification Methods and Research Progress on Eriocheir sinensis from Different Habitats

摘要:

中华绒螯蟹（Eriocheir sinensis），俗称河蟹、大闸蟹，是我国特有名贵水产品。由于不同产区地理环境、养殖模式差异大，知名品牌中华绒螯蟹往往具有更高的价值，但同时也导致了近年来假冒原产地大闸蟹的现象越来越严重。目前亟须建立客观、有效的中华绒螯蟹产地判别方法。因此，越来越多的学者开展了不同产地中华绒螯蟹的鉴定与研究，常见的判别方法包括形态指标鉴定，生化指标鉴定，元素指纹特征鉴定，稳定同位素技术鉴定，电子鼻、电子舌鉴定及分子生物学鉴定等。本文中综述了各种鉴定方法的优缺点，简要介绍了应用上述方法鉴定中华绒螯蟹的研究进展，并对今后中华绒螯蟹鉴定研究的发展趋势进行了探讨，可为探索和建立客观、可靠、快速的中华绒螯蟹产地判别方法提供一定的理论参考。

Abstract:

Eriocheir sinensis, commonly known as river crab and hairy crab, is a unique and precious aquatic product in China. Due to the great difference of geographical environment and breeding mode in various habitats, the well-known brand of E. sinensis is of higher value. However, the phenomenon of counterfeiting crabs of fake origin has become more and more serious in recent years. At present, it is urgent to establish an objective and effective method to identify the origin of E. sinensis. Therefore, more and more scholars have carried out identifications and studies on E. sinensis from different habitats. The identification methods include morphological index identification, biochemical index identification, element fingerprint, stable isotope, electronic nose, electronic tongue, molecular biology and so on. This paper summarized the advantages and disadvantages of various identification methods, and briefly introduced the research progress of identification of E. sinensis using the above methods. And the development trend of identification of E. sinensis was also discussed. It could provide a theoretical reference for exploring and establishing an objective, effective and rapid detection method to identify the origin of E. sinensis.