Probiotics Regulate Gut Microbiota and Immune Homeostasis to Prevent and Treat Food Allergy: a Review

Abstract:

Food allergy (FA) is a common immunological disorder, and its pathogenesis is primarily associated with a complex regulatory process involving CD4⁺ T cells in the immune system, such as the polarization of Th2 cells and the imbalance between Treg/Th17 cells. The balance of intestinal immune cells plays a critical role in the development of FA, while dysbiosis of the gut microbiota may disrupt this balance, thereby contributing to the onset of FA. Probiotic intervention targeting the gut microbiota can directly or indirectly influence the functions of immune cells to regulate immune responses, representing a promising approach for the prevention and treatment of FA. The authors discuss the potential of probiotics in modulating gut microbiota, regulating intestinal barrier integrity and T cell balance as a novel strategy for FA therapy. This study aims to deepen the understanding of the complex interactions among FA, immune cells, and gut microbiota, providing theoretical references for future research and clinical applications.