Research Progress in Enrichment of Trace Elements Zinc and Selenium in Pleurotus spp.

Abstract:

Zinc and selenium are essential trace elements for maintaining human normal physiological function. Deficiency of zinc or selenium can result in immune dysfunction, chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases and hyperlipidemia, and even increase the risk of cancer. The human body cannot independently synthesize these trace elements, which can only be obtained from the daily diet. However, natural food sources have low content of zinc and selenium, which is insufficient to meet the body’s needs. Therefore, developing fortified foods with trace nutrients is an important approach to meeting residents’ requirements. Edible fungi serve as natural carriers for enriching trace elements and ideal dietary supplements. Pleurotus spp., as a typical example, not only enrich zinc or selenium but also efficiently enhance both simultaneously. They metabolize inorganic forms of zinc and selenium into organic forms, which demonstrate various biological activities including immune enhancement, antioxidant effects, anti-inflammatory properties, and potential anti-tumor effects among others. The author summarized the research progress in the enrichment of zinc and selenium in Pleurotus spp., involving the cultivation methods, enrichment regulation, metabolites, biological activities, and related products. These findings provide a theoretical foundation for comprehensively understanding Pleurotus spp.-based refined products enriched with zinc or/and selenium while promoting their extensive application in the field of health.