等离子体处理时间对海蒿子提取物成分及其抗氧化和降血糖活性的影响

Effects of Plasma Treatment Duration on Composition and Antioxidant and Blood Glucose-lowering Activities of Sargassum pallidum Extract

摘要:

目的 建立海蒿子（Sargassum pallidum, S. pallidum）活性成分的等离子体高效提取技术，推动海蒿子资源的高值化利用。方法 探究等离子体处理时间对海蒿子总酚提取率及其提取物抗氧化、降血糖作用的影响，并采用质谱技术对其主要化学成分进行分析。结果 等离子体处理可使海蒿子细胞表面产生明显裂隙。其中，处理9 min的海蒿子提取物中总酚质量分数（4.86 mg/g）最高，DPPH自由基清除能力（IC₅₀值=2.10 mg/mL）和ABTS⁺自由基清除能力（IC₅₀值=1.51 mg/mL）最强。等离子体处理6 min的样品对α-葡萄糖苷酶（IC₅₀值=2.07 mg/mL）和DPP-4的抑制效果最优，均显著优于未处理样品。从海蒿子中共鉴定得到14种化合物，包括6种有机酸、4种脂肪酸、3种多酚和1种其他类化合物。等离子体处理可促进海蒿子中槲皮素-3-O-葡萄糖醛酸、5-羟基阿魏酸等化合物的溶出，这可能是其抗氧化和降血糖活性提升的重要物质基础。相关性分析结果表明，多酚质量分数与自由基清除能力呈强相关性（r>0.86），与α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性呈中高度相关性。结论 该研究可为海蒿子功能活性成分的高效制备及其在糖尿病调控领域的应用提供理论依据与技术支撑。

Abstract:

Objective This study developed a plasma-based high-effeciency technology for the active compounts of Sargassum pallidum (S. pallidum), aiming to promote the value-added utilization of S. pallidum.Method The effects of plasma treatment duration on the extraction rate, antioxidant capacity, and blood glucose-lowering activity of S.pallidum polyphenols were investigated. Furthermore, mass spectrometry was employed to analyze the primary chemical constituents.Result Plasma treatment induced significant cracking on the surface of S.pallidum cells. S.pallidum extract obtained by plasma treatment for 9 min exhibited the highest mass fraction of total phenols (4.86 mg/g), DPPH radical scavenging ability (IC₅₀ value = 2.10 mg/mL), and ABTS⁺ radical scavenging ability (IC₅₀ value = 1.51 mg/mL). S. pallidum extract obtained by plasma treatment for 6 min showed the strongest inhibitory effects on α-glucosidase (IC₅₀ value = 2.07 mg/mL) and DPP-4, outperforming the untreated sample. A total of 14 compounds were identified from S. pallidum extract, including 6 organic acids, 4 fatty acids, 3 polyphenols, and 1 other compound. Plasma treatment promoted the dissolution of quercetin-3-O-glucuronic acid and phlorofucofuroeckol in S. pallidum, which likely accounted for the enhanced antioxidant and blood glucose-lowering activities. Correlation analysis confirmed that the total phenol mass fraction had a strong positive correlation with free radical scavenging activities (r>0.86) and a moderately strong correlation with α-glucosidase inhibitory activity.Conclusion These findings provide a theoretical foundation and technique support for the efficient preparation of functional active constituents from S. pallidum and the value-added utilization of S. pallidum in regulating diabetes.