3种植物乳植杆菌YC制剂对小鼠降尿酸效果的比较

Comparison on the Uric Acid-lowering Effects of Three Lactiplantibacillus plantarum YC Preparations in Mice

摘要:

目的 探究植物乳植杆菌（Lactiplantibacillus plantarum， L. plantarum）YC活菌、热灭活菌及纯化肽聚糖（peptidoglycan，PGN）3种制剂对高尿酸血症（hyperuricemia，HUA）小鼠的降尿酸功效差异。方法 制备植物乳植杆菌YC活菌、热灭活菌及纯化PGN 3种制剂，依据同等菌体生物量下的PGN提取率，折算PGN组给药剂量。采用次黄嘌呤联合氧嗪酸钾构建高尿酸血症小鼠模型，连续灌胃干预21 d。试验期间监测小鼠体质量变化，检测小鼠血清中尿酸、尿素氮、肌酐浓度，测定血清与肝脏黄嘌呤氧化酶（xanthine oxidase，XOD）活性，通过组织病理学染色观察小鼠肝、肾组织损伤程度，并根据形态学指标来评估结肠组织损伤的改善效果。结果 与模型组相比，植物乳植杆菌YC活菌组、热灭活菌组及PGN组小鼠血清的尿酸水平分别降低了45.56%、41.17%、71.47%；其中PGN组小鼠血清尿酸水平最低，且显著低于活菌组与热灭活菌组（P<0.05）。PGN可极其显著抑制血清和肝脏中XOD活性（P<0.001），逆转高尿酸血症引发的血清尿素氮和肌酐异常升高，有效减轻肝、肾组织损伤并改善结肠组织形态。结论 植物乳植杆菌YC活菌与热灭活菌的降尿酸效果相近（P>0.05），表明该菌株的降尿酸效应不完全依赖菌体存活状态。PGN在降尿酸和保护结肠组织方面的效果更优，证实PGN是植物乳植杆菌YC发挥降尿酸作用的重要活性组分。该研究可为植物乳植杆菌YC后生元制剂的形态选择提供依据。

Abstract:

Objective This study aimed to investigate the differences in uric acid-lowering efficacy among viable cells, heat-inactivated cells, and purified peptidoglycan (PGN) of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) YC in a mouse model of hyperuricemia (HUA).Method Three preparations—viable cells, heat-inactivated cells, and purified PGN—of L. plantarum YC were prepared. The PGN dosage was calculated based on equivalent bacterial biomass and PGN extraction yield. A mouse model of hyperuricemia was established by co-administration of hypoxanthine and potassium oxonate, followed by intragastric intervention for 21 consecutive days. The body mass and organ indices of mice were monitored during the experimental period. The concentrations of uric acid, urea nitrogen, and creatinine in the serum, as well as the activities of xanthine oxidase (XOD) in the serum and liver, were measured. Histopathological changes in the liver and kidney tissue were evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin staining, and morphological indicators of the colonic tissue were measured to assess the damage repair effect.Result The viable cells, heat-inactivated cells, and purified PGN of L. plantarum YC reduced the serum uric acid level by 45.56%, 41.17%, and 71.47%, respectively, compared with the model group. The PGN group showed the lowest serum uric acid level, which was lower than those in both the viable and heat-inactivated cell groups (P<0.05). PGN suppressed XOD activities in the serum and liver (P<0.001), reversed the abnormal elevations in serum urea nitrogen and creatinine, alleviated hepatic and renal tissue damage, and improved colonic tissue morphology.Conclusion Viable and heat-inactivated cells of L. plantarum YC exhibited comparable uric acid-lowering effects (P>0.05). This suggests that certain effects of L. plantarum YC may not entirely depend on bacterial viability. Moreover, the purified PGN group showed more pronounced performance in uric acid reduction and colonic tissue protection, which suggested that PGN might be one of the key active components contributing to the uric acid-lowering effect. These findings provide a basis for optimizing the selection of L. plantarum YC-derived postbiotic preparation forms.