沙棘果渣主要活性组分表征与标志物筛选

Characterization of the Main Active Components and Screening of Marker Components in Sea Buckthorn Pomace

摘要:

目的 分析大果、小果沙棘（Hippophae rhamnoides L.）果渣的活性组分，明确其营养利用价值。方法 以不同果型的沙棘果渣为研究对象，采用气相色谱、液相色谱、电感耦合等离子体质谱等检测技术，对果渣中黄酮、多酚、维生素C、维生素E、氨基酸、矿质元素等主要活性组分进行检测。运用聚类热图、正交偏最小二乘判别分析（OPLS-DA）和PCA对44项营养组分及活性成分进行系统分析。结果 大果、小果沙棘果渣中均富含黄酮、多酚物质。相较于小果沙棘果渣，大果沙棘果渣中的维生素E和β-胡萝卜素质量分数更高。2种果渣样品中均检测出17种氨基酸（包含7种必需氨基酸和10种非必需氨基酸），同时检测出7种人体必需微量元素和4种常量元素。大果沙棘果渣中检测出11种脂肪酸，小果沙棘果渣中检测出10种脂肪酸。此外，部分氨基酸（如天冬氨酸、亮氨酸等）、部分脂肪酸（如亚油酸、芥酸等）、黄酮、多酚及K、Fe等矿质元素可作为区分大果、小果沙棘果渣的特征标志物。结论 沙棘果渣富含多种活性组分，能够以食品添加剂等形式应用于食品或保健品等领域。该研究结果可为沙棘果渣深加工与资源化利用提供理论参考。

Abstract:

Objective This study comprehensively analyzed the bioactive components in the pomace of large-fruited and small-fruited sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.), aiming to determine their nutritional utilization value. Method The pomace samples of different fruit types of sea buckthorn were selected as the research objects. Detection methods such as gas chromatography, liquid chromatography, and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry were employed to identify the main bioactive components including total flavonoids, total polyphenols, vitamin C, vitamin E, amino acids, and mineral elements in the pomace. Cluster heatmap analysis, orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), and principal component analysis (PCA) were performed to comprehensively analysis 44 nutritional and bioactive components. Result The pomace samples of both large-fruited and small-fruited sea buckthorn were rich in flavonoids and polyphenols. The mass fractions of vitamin E and β-carotene in the pomace of large-fruited sea buckthorn were higher than those in the pomace of small-fruited sea buckthorn. Seventeen amino acids, including 7 essential amino acids and 10 non-essential amino acids, were detected in both pomace samples. Seven trace elements and four major elements essential for the human body were detected, and 11 and 10 fatty acids were detected in the pomace of large-fruited and small-fruited sea buckthorn, respectively. In addition, some amino acids (such as aspartic acid and leucine), fatty acids (such as linoleic acid and erucic acid), flavonoids, polyphenols, and mineral elements (such as K and Fe) can be used as marker components for the pomace of large-fruited and small-fruited sea buckthorn.Conclusion The sea buckthorn pomace is rich in bioactive components and can be applied in the food or health product industries in the form of food additives. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for the comprehensive utilization of sea buckthorn pomace resources.