天然色素介导的光动力抗菌机制及其在食品中的应用

Natural Pigment-mediated Photodynamic Antimicrobial Technology: Mechanisms and Food Applications

摘要:

光动力抗菌技术（photodynamic antimicrobial technology，PDT）作为一种非热物理杀菌手段，凭借其高效、低残留且不诱导耐药性等优势得到广泛关注。天然色素作为食品级光敏剂，展现出良好的光学响应性与生物相容性。姜黄素、叶绿素及卟啉类天然色素在果蔬、肉类和饮用水等多种食品体系中均表现出良好的光动力抗菌效果。作者综述了典型天然色素的光动力抗菌机制，分析了光源参数、光敏剂浓度、食品基质等因素对光动力抗菌效果的影响，系统梳理了PDT在果蔬表面消毒、饮用水消毒、智能包装等领域的研究进展，重点探讨了纳米载体与复合膜材料在提升光动力抗菌效率方面的作用。最后，展望了天然色素介导的PDT在食品加工中的产业化应用潜力，指出其在光敏剂稳定性、工艺标准化等方面仍面临的挑战，并提出未来应围绕协同抗菌机制解析与功能材料构建等方向进行研究。

Abstract:

Photodynamic antimicrobial technology (PDT), as a non-thermal physical bactericidal method, has received increasing attention due to its high efficiency, low residue, and lack of resistance induction. Natural pigments, as food-grade photosensitizers exhibit excellent optical responsiveness and biocompatibility. Studies have shown that curcumin, chlorophylls, and porphyrin-based pigments exhibit favorable photodynamic antimicrobial efficacy in various food matrices including fruits, vegetables, meat, and drinking water. The author summarizes the photodynamic antimicrobial mechanisms of representative natural pigments, and analyzes the effects of light parameters, photosensitizer concentrations, and food matrices on photodynamic antimicrobial efficacy. Furthermore, the recent progress of PDT applications in fruit and vegetable surface disinfection, drinking water sterilization, and smart packaging is reviewed, with a focus on the role of nanocarriers and composite films in enhancing photodynamic antimicrobial performance. Finally, the industrial application potential of natural pigment-mediated PDT in food processing is discussed, along with the challenges regarding photosensitizer stability and process standardization. Future research directions are proposed, emphasizing synergistic antimicrobial mechanisms and the development of functional materials for practical implementation.