益生菌调节肠道菌群与免疫稳态防治食物过敏的研究进展

Probiotics Regulate Gut Microbiota and Immune Homeostasis to Prevent and Treat Food Allergy: a Review

摘要:

食物过敏（food allergy，FA）是一种常见的免疫性疾病，其发病机制主要与免疫系统中CD4⁺ T细胞的复杂调控有关，包括Th2细胞极化反应、Treg/Th17细胞失衡等。肠道免疫细胞的稳态在FA的发生和发展中发挥着重要作用，而肠道菌群的失调可能会破坏该免疫平衡，进而诱发FA。通过益生菌干预肠道菌群能够直接或间接影响免疫细胞功能，有助于调控免疫应答，是极具潜力的FA防治手段。作者综述了益生菌在调节肠道菌群、维持肠道屏障完整性和T细胞平衡等方面的潜力，并提出益生菌可作为未来治疗FA的新策略，旨在深入阐明FA与免疫细胞、肠道菌群之间的相互作用，为后续相关研究与临床治疗提供理论参考。

Abstract:

Food allergy (FA) is a common immunological disorder, and its pathogenesis is primarily associated with a complex regulatory process involving CD4⁺ T cells in the immune system, such as the polarization of Th2 cells and the imbalance between Treg/Th17 cells. The balance of intestinal immune cells plays a critical role in the development of FA, while dysbiosis of the gut microbiota may disrupt this balance, thereby contributing to the onset of FA. Probiotic intervention targeting the gut microbiota can directly or indirectly influence the functions of immune cells to regulate immune responses, representing a promising approach for the prevention and treatment of FA. The authors discuss the potential of probiotics in modulating gut microbiota, regulating intestinal barrier integrity and T cell balance as a novel strategy for FA therapy. This study aims to deepen the understanding of the complex interactions among FA, immune cells, and gut microbiota, providing theoretical references for future research and clinical applications.