上海市售大米、玉米、大豆和面粉中多种真菌毒素的健康风险评估

Health Risk Assessment of Multiple Mycotoxins in Rice, Maize, Soybean, and Wheat Flour Marketed in Shanghai

摘要:

【目的】 评估粮食中多种真菌毒素对消费者健康的潜在风险。 【方法】 采用点评估模型和概率评估模型分析上海市成年居民通过大米、玉米、大豆和面粉摄入黄曲霉毒素（aflatoxins，AFs）、赭曲霉毒素（ochratoxin A，OTA）、玉米赤霉烯酮（zearalenone，ZEN）、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（deoxynivalenols，DONs）和伏马毒素（fumonisins，FBs）的膳食暴露风险。 【结果】 玉米中AFs和大豆中黄曲霉毒素G₁（aflatoxin G₁，AFG₁）的暴露限值（margin of exposure values，MoE）>10 000，不存在膳食暴露风险；大米、面粉中AFs和大豆中黄曲霉毒素B₁（aflatoxin B₁，AFB₁）、黄曲霉毒素B₂ （aflatoxin B₂，AFB₂）和黄曲霉毒素G₂（aflatoxin G₂，AFG₂）的MoE<10 000，存在较小的健康风险。经4种粮食摄入的ZEN、DONs和FBs的每日摄入估计量（estimated daily intake，EDI）<每日最大可耐受摄入量（provisional maximum tolerable daily intake，PMTDI），无膳食暴露风险。在第95百分位数（P95）暴露水平时，经大米摄入OTA的EDI>100 ng/kg；大豆中OTA和面粉中DONs在部分暴露水平下风险商值（risk quotient，RQ）>100%，均存在较小的健康风险。 【结论】 上海市成年居民通过4种粮食摄入AFs、OTA、ZEN、DONs和FBs的整体暴露水平处于安全范围，但部分真菌毒素在高暴露水平下仍存在健康风险。该研究为上海市粮食中真菌毒素的风险管理提供了科学依据。

Abstract:

[Objective] This study aims to evaluate the potential health risks to consumers from exposure to multiple mycotoxins in grains. [Method] Point and probabilistic assessment models were adopted to analyze the dietary exposure risks of adult residents in Shanghai to aflatoxins (AFs), ochratoxin A (OTA), zearalenone (ZEN), deoxynivalenols (DONs), and fumonisins (FBs) through consumption of rice, maize, soybeans, and wheat flour. [Result] The margin of exposure values (MoE) for AFs in maize and aflatoxin G₁ (AFG₁) in soybeans exceeded 10 000, indicating no dietary exposure risk. In contrast, AFs in rice and wheat flour, as well as aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁), aflatoxin B₂ (AFB₂), and aflatoxin G₂ (AFG₂) in soybeans, showed MoE below 10 000, suggesting a minor health risk. The estimated daily intake (EDI) values of ZEN, DONs, and FBs from the four grains were below the provisional maximum tolerable daily intake (PMTDI), indicating no dietary risk. At the 95th percentile (P95) exposure level, the EDI of OTA from rice exceeded 100 ng/kg, while the risk quotient (RQ) of OTA in soybeans and DONs in wheat flour surpassed 100% under certain exposure scenarios, indicating a potential minor health risk. [Conclusion] Overall, the exposure to AFs, OTA, ZEN, DONs, and FBs through consumption of four grains among adult residents in Shanghai was within safe limits. However, certain mycotoxins posed potential health risks under high-exposure conditions. These findings provide scientific basis for the risk management of mycotoxins in grains in Shanghai.