福建不同生姜种质资源重要化学成分和自由基清除能力差异研究

Differences in Important Chemical Components and Free Radical Scavenging Activities of the Ginger Germplasm Resources from Fujian

摘要:

【目的】对福建省不同生姜种质资源开展化学成分分析并评价其综合品质和自由基清除能力。【方法】采用气相色谱-质谱联用（GC-MS）与液相色谱串联四极杆飞行时间质谱（LC-QTOF-MS）测定福建13份生姜种质资源的重要化学成分，结合主成分分析（PCA）与聚类分析解析不同生姜间的成分差异，并通过ABTS⁺自由基清除率评估不同生姜种质资源的自由基清除能力。【结果】从13份生姜种质资源中共鉴定出65种物质，包括44种挥发性物质和21种非挥发性物质。其中，1种姜辣素类化合物与2种二氢姜黄素衍生物为首次在该类物质中鉴定发现。在13份生姜种质资源中，挥发性物质总峰面积最高的是J9，非挥发性物质总峰面积最高的为J10。聚类分析结果显示，来源地相同或邻近的生姜种质资源聚为一类，13份生姜种质资源可划分为3大类群：类群Ⅰ包括J8和J9，类群Ⅱ包括J2、J5、J4、J1、J7和J3，类群Ⅲ包括其余5份生姜种质资源。通过PCA筛选出桉叶油醇、柠檬醛、橙花醛、姜烯、ɑ-姜黄烯、β-倍半水芹烯、β-红没药烯、1-脱氢-6-姜二酮等29种差异特征成分；同时对生姜种质资源的风味综合得分进行了排序，其中J9和J8位列前2位。进一步测定了不同生姜种质资源甲醇提取物的ABTS⁺自由基清除能力，结果显示，其半抑制质量浓度（IC₅₀）为69.00~172.33 μg/mL，其中J3的ABTS⁺自由基清除能力最强。相关性分析结果表明，姜辣素类化合物对生姜种质资源甲醇提取物ABTS⁺自由基清除能力的贡献度高于二苯基庚烷类化合物。【结论】该研究筛选了适用于不同生姜加工产品的优质种质资源，为生姜深加工产业的发展提供了数据支撑。

Abstract:

[Objective]This study aims to analyze the important chemical components of different ginger germplasm resources from Fujian and evaluate their comprehensive quality and free radical scavenging activities.[Method]Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS) were employed to determine the importance chemical components in 13 ginger germplasm resources. Differences in the chemical compounds were analyzed by the cluster analysis and principal component analysis (PCA). The free radical scavenging activities of the ginger germplasm resources against ABTS⁺ were further evaluated.[Result]A total of 65 chemical compounds were identified from the 13 ginger germplasm resources, including 44 volatile compounds and 21 non-volatile compounds. Among them, one gingerol and 2 dihydrocurcumin derivatives were the newly detected compounds in ginger. The highest total peak areas of volatile compounds and non-volatile compounds were detected in ginger germplasm resources J9 and J10, respectively. According to the results of cluster analysis, the 13 ginger germplasm resources were clustered into 3 groups: Group I including J9 and J8, Group II including J2, J5, J4, J1, J7, and J3, and Group Ⅲ including the remaining 5 resources. PCA identified 29 differential representative components including eucalyptol, neral, citral, zingiberene, α-curcumene, β-bisabolene, β-sesquiphellandrene, and 1-dehydro-6-gingerdione. Regarding the comprehensive score of ginger quality, the top 2 ginger germplasm resources were J9 and J8. The ginger germplasm resources exhibited the ABTS⁺ free radical scavenging activities with the IC₅₀ values in the range of 69.00~172.33 μg/mL, and the ginger germplasm resource J3 displayed the strongest ABTS⁺ free radical scavenging activity. The correlation analysis showed that gingerols made greater contributions to the ABTS⁺ free radical scavenging activity than diarylheptanoids.[Conclusion]This study can screen out the elite ginger germplasm resources suitable for different processing products of ginger and provide data support for the deep processing industry of ginger.