基于双物料组合凝胶的双喷头3D打印休闲山楂制品及其干燥特性研究

Dual-nozzle 3D Printing and Drying Characteristics of a Hawthorn Snack Based on Dual-material Combination Gel

摘要:

【目的】解决传统休闲山楂制品干燥时间长、造型单一及3D打印过程中打印喷头易堵塞、打印后产品支撑性差的难题。【方法】以低糖山楂酱和高糖香蕉酱为凝胶组分，开展双物料组合凝胶配方优化、双喷头3D打印工艺优化及其干燥特性研究，并将3D打印制品的干燥特性与传统山楂干制品进行对比。【结果】蔗糖质量分数26%的山楂酱与蔗糖质量分数38%的香蕉酱组合（A₂B₃组）具有适宜3D打印的储能模量（G′）、损耗模量（G″）和表观黏度；A₂B₃组的双喷头3D打印精度最高，3D打印山楂干制品的外径和高度偏差分别为1.04%和1.08%。与传统山楂干制品相比，A₂B₃组双喷头3D打印山楂干制品的干燥时间缩短了16.67%，硬度降低了20.65%，总糖质量分数降低了2.48%，黄酮、总酚质量分数分别提高了23.32%和25.94%，且抗氧化能力与风味均显著增强。【结论】该研究可为食品3D打印结构支撑及特殊造型休闲食品的开发提供参考。

Abstract:

[Objective]This study aims at solving the problems such as long drying time, single product shape, and poor 3D printing capacity (easy blockage and weak bracing ability) in conventional processing of hawthorn snack products.[Method]The low-sugar hawthorn jam and high-sugar banana jam were used as gel components. The 3D printing was carried out with the optimization of dual-material combination gel formula and the optimization of dual-nozzle 3D printing process. Furthermore, the drying characteristics of 3D printing were analyzed and compared with those of conventional dried hawthorn products.[Result]The combination of hawthorn jam with the sugar mass fraction of 26% and banana jam with the sugar mass fraction of 38% (A₂B₃ group) had the storage modulus (G′), loss modulus (G″), and apparent viscosity suitable for 3D printing. The dual-nozzle 3D printing accuracy of A₂B₃ group was the highest, with the outer diameter and height deviations of 1.04% and 1.08%, respectively. Compared with the production of conventional dried hawthorn products, dual-nozzle 3D printing with A₂B₃ group showed reductions of 16.67%, 20.65%, and 2.48% in drying time, hardness, and total sugar mass fraction but increases of 23.32% and 25.94% in mass fractions of flavonoids and total phenols, respectively. Moreover, it enhanced the antioxidant capacity and flavor of the product.[Conclusion]This study provides a solid reference of structural support for food 3D printing and the development of the special-shape snacks.