平菇富集微量元素锌和硒的研究进展

Research Progress in Enrichment of Trace Elements Zinc and Selenium in Pleurotus spp.

摘要:

锌和硒是人体必需的微量元素，对维持人体正常生理功能至关重要。锌或硒缺乏不仅会导致免疫功能缺陷，还可能诱发心血管疾病、高脂血症等慢性疾病，严重时甚至增加癌症的发病风险。由于人体无法自主合成锌、硒这类微量元素，需完全通过日常膳食摄入，但天然食物中锌、硒含量较低，难以满足人体需求。因此，开发微量元素强化型食品是满足居民健康需求的重要途径。食用菌是天然的微量元素富集载体，也是理想的膳食补充剂。平菇作为食用菌的典型代表，不仅可单独高效富集锌或硒，还能对2种元素进行同步富集；另外，平菇可将无机锌、无机硒代谢转化为有机锌、有机硒，从而发挥增强机体免疫力及提高抗氧化、抗炎、抗肿瘤等生物活性。作者综述了平菇富集微量元素锌、硒的研究进展，重点涵盖了培养方式、富集能力调控、代谢产物、生物活性及相关产品等，为开发单富集、双富集型精细化平菇系列产品及推动其在大健康领域的广泛应用提供了理论依据。

Abstract:

Zinc and selenium are essential trace elements for maintaining human normal physiological function. Deficiency of zinc or selenium can result in immune dysfunction, chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases and hyperlipidemia, and even increase the risk of cancer. The human body cannot independently synthesize these trace elements, which can only be obtained from the daily diet. However, natural food sources have low content of zinc and selenium, which is insufficient to meet the body’s needs. Therefore, developing fortified foods with trace nutrients is an important approach to meeting residents’ requirements. Edible fungi serve as natural carriers for enriching trace elements and ideal dietary supplements. Pleurotus spp., as a typical example, not only enrich zinc or selenium but also efficiently enhance both simultaneously. They metabolize inorganic forms of zinc and selenium into organic forms, which demonstrate various biological activities including immune enhancement, antioxidant effects, anti-inflammatory properties, and potential anti-tumor effects among others. The author summarized the research progress in the enrichment of zinc and selenium in Pleurotus spp., involving the cultivation methods, enrichment regulation, metabolites, biological activities, and related products. These findings provide a theoretical foundation for comprehensively understanding Pleurotus spp.-based refined products enriched with zinc or/and selenium while promoting their extensive application in the field of health.