黑曲霉FS10脱除喷浆玉米皮中玉米赤霉烯酮的发酵条件优化

Optimization of Fermentation Conditions for the Removal of Zearalenone from Corn Gluten Feed by Aspergillus niger FS10

摘要:

【目的】确定通过黑曲霉（Aspergillus niger，A. niger）FS10进行固态发酵来脱除喷浆玉米皮中玉米赤霉烯酮（zearalenone，ZEN）的最佳发酵条件。【方法】以ZEN脱除率为指标，通过单因素试验和响应面法，对发酵过程中的主要影响因素（接种体积质量比、发酵温度、发酵时间、料液比）进行优化，并比较了最优发酵条件下，喷浆玉米皮在固态发酵前后的主要营养物质的质量分数变化。【结果】黑曲霉FS10脱除喷浆玉米皮中ZEN的最优发酵条件为接种体积质量比120 μL∶1 g、发酵温度26 ℃、发酵时间5.5 d、料液比1 g∶1.4 mL。在该条件下，黑曲霉菌株对喷浆玉米皮中ZEN的脱除率达（70.04±1.88）%。且相较于发酵前，发酵后的喷浆玉米皮中粗蛋白质质量分数从（19.92±0.20）%提升至（21.94±0.42）%，总氨基酸质量分数从（16.240±0.165）%提升至（18.510±0.034）%。【结论】黑曲霉FS10不仅能高效脱除喷浆玉米皮中的ZEN，还能提升喷浆玉米皮作为动物饲料的营养价值。该研究为受ZEN污染的喷浆玉米皮的合理利用和充分开发提供了理论依据。

Abstract:

[Objective] This study aims to determine the optimal solid-state fermentation conditions for the removal of zearalenone (ZEN) from corn gluten feed by Aspergillus niger (A. niger) FS10. [Method]With the removal rate of ZEN as the indicator, single-factor experiments and response surface method were employed to optimize the key fermentation parameters (inoculation volume-to-mass ratio, fermentation temperature, fermentation duration, and solid-to-liquid ratio). Furthermore, changes in mass fractions of key nutritional components in corn gluten feed before and after solid-state fermentation under the optimal conditions were analyzed. [Result] The optimal fermentation conditions were established as follows: an inoculation volume-to-mass ratio of 120 μL∶1 g, a fermentation temperature of 26 ℃, fermentation duration of 5.5 d, and a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1 g∶1.4 mL. Under these conditions, the removal rate of ZEN reached (70.04±1.88)%. The mass fraction of crude protein in corn gluten feed increased from (19.92±0.20)% before fermentation to (21.94±0.42)% after fermentation, while the mass fraction of total amino acids rose from (16.240±0.165)% to (18.510±0.034)%. [Conclusion]A. niger FS10 not only efficiently removes ZEN from corn gluten feed but also enhances its nutritional value as animal feed. The findings provide a scientific basis for the sustainable utilization and exploitation of corn gluten feed despite ZEN contamination.